| Oenothera elata ssp. hookeri (Torr. & Gray) W. Dietr. & W.L. Wagner Hooker's Eveningprimrose USDA OEELH2 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Cold Remedy Plant used for colds. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 33 |
| Oenothera elata ssp. hookeri (Torr. & Gray) W. Dietr. & W.L. Wagner Hooker's Eveningprimrose USDA OEELH2 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of plant applied to sores. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 33 |
| Oenothera elata ssp. hookeri (Torr. & Gray) W. Dietr. & W.L. Wagner Hooker's Eveningprimrose USDA OEELH2 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Emetic Plant used as a Plumeway emetic. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 33 |
| Oenothera elata ssp. hookeri (Torr. & Gray) W. Dietr. & W.L. Wagner Hooker's Eveningprimrose USDA OEELH2 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Hot poultice of plant applied for mumps. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 33 |
| Oenothera elata ssp. hookeri (Torr. & Gray) W. Dietr. & W.L. Wagner Hooker's Eveningprimrose USDA OEELH2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Poultice of root used only for large swellings, a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 37 |
| Oenothera elata ssp. hookeri (Torr. & Gray) W. Dietr. & W.L. Wagner Hooker's Eveningprimrose USDA OEELH2 |
Paiute Food, Unspecified Species used for food. Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 243 |
| Oenothera elata ssp. hookeri (Torr. & Gray) W. Dietr. & W.L. Wagner Hooker's Eveningprimrose USDA OEELH2 |
Paiute Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Root rubbed on hunter's moccasins and body to attract deer. Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 50 |
| Oenothera elata ssp. hookeri (Torr. & Gray) W. Dietr. & W.L. Wagner Hooker's Eveningprimrose USDA OEELH2 |
Paiute Other, Protection Root rubbed on hunter's moccasins and body to repel snakes. Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 50 |
| Oenothera elata ssp. hookeri (Torr. & Gray) W. Dietr. & W.L. Wagner Hooker's Eveningprimrose USDA OEELH2 |
Pomo, Kashaya Dye, Yellow Flowers chewed with gum to make gum yellow. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 95 |
| Oenothera elata ssp. hookeri (Torr. & Gray) W. Dietr. & W.L. Wagner Hooker's Eveningprimrose USDA OEELH2 |
Zuni Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Poultice of powdered flower and saliva applied at night to swellings. Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 377 |
| Oenothera flava (A. Nels.) Garrett Yellow Eveningprimrose USDA OEFLF |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Burn Dressing Seed pod ashes applied to burns. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 38 |
| Oenothera flava (A. Nels.) Garrett Yellow Eveningprimrose USDA OEFLF |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Poultice of plant or root used only for large swellings, a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 38 |
| Oenothera flava (A. Nels.) Garrett Yellow Eveningprimrose USDA OEFLF |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Poultice of root used for swellings and internal injuries, a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 38 |
| Oenothera flava (A. Nels.) Garrett Yellow Eveningprimrose USDA OEFLF |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Throat Aid Poultice of compound containing whole plant used for 'throat trouble.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 38 |
| Oenothera fruticosa L. Narrowleaf Eveningprimrose USDA OEFRF |
Cherokee Food, Vegetable Leaves parboiled, rinsed and cooked in hot grease as a potherb. Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 49 |
| Oenothera pallida Lindl. Pale Eveningprimrose USDA OEPAP |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Plant used as a Beadway emetic. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 34 |
| Oenothera pallida Lindl. Pale Eveningprimrose USDA OEPAP |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Dermatological Aid Plant used as dusting powder for venereal disease sores. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 34 |
| Oenothera pallida Lindl. Pale Eveningprimrose USDA OEPAP |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of plant applied to spider bites. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 34 |
| Oenothera pallida Lindl. Pale Eveningprimrose USDA OEPAP |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Emetic Plant used as a Beadway emetic. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 34 |
| Oenothera pallida Lindl. Pale Eveningprimrose USDA OEPAP |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Kidney Aid Infusion of plant used for kidney disease. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 34 |
| Oenothera pallida Lindl. Pale Eveningprimrose USDA OEPAP |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Venereal Aid Plant used as dusting powder for venereal disease sores. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 34 |
| Oenothera pallida Lindl. Pale Eveningprimrose USDA OEPAP |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Veterinary Aid Plant used for livestock with colic. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 34 |
| Oenothera pallida ssp. pallida Pale Eveningprimrose USDA OEPAP |
Hopi Other, Ceremonial Items Used ceremonially as the White Flower associated with the northeast direction. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 86 |
| Oenothera pallida ssp. runcinata (Engelm.) Munz & W. Klein Pale Eveningprimrose USDA OEPAR |
Hopi Other, Ceremonial Items Used ceremonially as the White Flower associated with the northeast direction. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 86 |
| Oenothera pallida ssp. runcinata (Engelm.) Munz & W. Klein Pale Eveningprimrose USDA OEPAR |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 38 |
| Oenothera pallida ssp. runcinata (Engelm.) Munz & W. Klein Pale Eveningprimrose USDA OEPAR |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Emetic Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 38 |
| Oenothera pallida ssp. runcinata (Engelm.) Munz & W. Klein Pale Eveningprimrose USDA OEPAR |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Snake Bite Remedy Decoction of root and leaves used as a lotion for snake bites. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 38 |
| Oenothera pallida ssp. runcinata (Engelm.) Munz & W. Klein Pale Eveningprimrose USDA OEPAR |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Throat Aid Soaked plant rubbed on throat and infusion taken for sore throat. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 38 |
| Oenothera perennis L. Small Eveningprimrose USDA OEPE |
Iroquois Drug, Orthopedic Aid Decoction of plants taken for paralysis. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 390 |
| Oenothera primiveris Gray Desert Eveningprimrose USDA OEPRP |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Fresh or dried flowers used as ceremonial lotion and medicine. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 38 |
| Oenothera primiveris Gray Desert Eveningprimrose USDA OEPRP |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of plant applied to swellings. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 38 |
| Oenothera rhombipetala Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray Fourpoint Eveningprimrose USDA OECL3 |
Kiowa Other, Decorations Yellow flowers picked and brought into the house. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 45 |
| Oenothera rhombipetala Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray Fourpoint Eveningprimrose USDA OECL3 |
Kiowa Other, Decorations Yellow flowers picked and brought into the house. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 45 |
| Oenothera sp. Evening Primrose |
Cherokee Food, Unspecified Leaves boiled, fried and often eaten with greens. Witthoft, John, 1977, Cherokee Indian Use of Potherbs, Journal of Cherokee Studies 2(2):250-255, page 253 |
| Oenothera sp. Evening Primrose |
Navajo Drug, Dermatological Aid Compound infusion of plants used as a wash for sore skin. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 66 |
| Oenothera triloba Nutt. Stemless Eveningprimrose USDA OETR2 |
Zuni Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Ingredient of 'schumaakwe cakes' and used externally for rheumatism. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 55 |
| Oenothera triloba Nutt. Stemless Eveningprimrose USDA OETR2 |
Zuni Drug, Dermatological Aid Ingredient of 'schumaakwe cakes' and used externally for swelling. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 55 |
| Oenothera triloba Nutt. Stemless Eveningprimrose USDA OETR2 |
Zuni Food, Unspecified Roots ground and used for food. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 158 |
| Oenothera villosa ssp. strigosa (Rydb.) W. Dietr. & Raven Hairy Eveningprimrose USDA OEVIS |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Disinfectant Cold infusion of dried root taken for 'deer infection.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 38 |
| Oenothera villosa ssp. strigosa (Rydb.) W. Dietr. & Raven Hairy Eveningprimrose USDA OEVIS |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Disinfectant Cold infusion of dried root used for 'deer infection.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 38 |
| Oenothera villosa ssp. strigosa (Rydb.) W. Dietr. & Raven Hairy Eveningprimrose USDA OEVIS |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Hunting Medicine Dried leaves and tobacco smoked for good luck in hunting. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 38 |