| Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl. Scabland Penstemon USDA PEDED2 |
Shoshoni Drug, Analgesic Decoction of plants used as a hot bath for sore feet and swollen legs and veins. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113 |
| Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl. Scabland Penstemon USDA PEDED2 |
Shoshoni Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Decoction of whole plant taken for rheumatic aches. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113 |
| Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl. Scabland Penstemon USDA PEDED2 |
Shoshoni Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of whole plant taken for colds. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113 |
| Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl. Scabland Penstemon USDA PEDED2 |
Shoshoni Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of green leaves or leaf powder applied to various skin problems. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113 |
| Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl. Scabland Penstemon USDA PEDED2 |
Shoshoni Drug, Dermatological Aid Powdered root used for sores. Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 44 |
| Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl. Scabland Penstemon USDA PEDED2 |
Shoshoni Drug, Disinfectant Decoction of stems and leaves dropped into the ear for ear infections. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113 |
| Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl. Scabland Penstemon USDA PEDED2 |
Shoshoni Drug, Ear Medicine Strong decoction of stems and leaves dropped into ear for ear infection. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113 |
| Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl. Scabland Penstemon USDA PEDED2 |
Shoshoni Drug, Eye Medicine Decoction of plant used as an eyewash. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113 |
| Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl. Scabland Penstemon USDA PEDED2 |
Shoshoni Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of plant taken for stomachaches, especially children's. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113 |
| Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl. Scabland Penstemon USDA PEDED2 |
Shoshoni Drug, Orthopedic Aid Decoction of plants used as a hot bath for sore feet and swollen legs and veins. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113 |
| Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl. Scabland Penstemon USDA PEDED2 |
Shoshoni Drug, Pediatric Aid Decoction of plant taken for stomachaches, especially children's. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113 |
| Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl. Scabland Penstemon USDA PEDED2 |
Shoshoni Drug, Venereal Aid Compound infusion of plant used as a wash for gonorrheal sores. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113 |
| Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl. Scabland Penstemon USDA PEDED2 |
Shoshoni Drug, Venereal Aid Juice of mashed, raw leaves used as wash for venereal disease. Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 47 |
| Penstemon deustus Dougl. ex Lindl. Scabland Penstemon USDA PEDED2 |
Shoshoni Drug, Venereal Aid Plant used in various ways both internally and externally for venereal disease. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 112113 |
| Penstemon eatonii Gray Eaton's Penstemon USDA PEEAE2 |
Hopi Other, Ceremonial Items Plant, associated with east direction, used in the Po-wa-mu ceremony. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 341 |
| Penstemon eatonii Gray Eaton's Penstemon USDA PEEAE2 |
Hopi Other, Season Indicator Flowers used to indicate when watermelon planting was over. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 341 |
| Penstemon eatonii Gray Eaton's Penstemon USDA PEEAE2 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Dermatological Aid Plant used for spider bites. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 42 |
| Penstemon eatonii Gray Eaton's Penstemon USDA PEEAE2 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Disinfectant Plant used as a fumigant and Lightning infection emetic. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 42 |
| Penstemon eatonii Gray Eaton's Penstemon USDA PEEAE2 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Emetic Plant used as a Lightning infection emetic. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 42 |
| Penstemon eatonii Gray Eaton's Penstemon USDA PEEAE2 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Emetic Plant used as a fumigant and Lightning infection emetic. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 42 |
| Penstemon eatonii Gray Eaton's Penstemon USDA PEEAE2 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Plant used for stomach troubles. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 42 |
| Penstemon eatonii Gray Eaton's Penstemon USDA PEEAE2 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Hemostat Plant used as a hemostatic. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 42 |
| Penstemon eatonii Gray Eaton's Penstemon USDA PEEAE2 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Orthopedic Aid Plant used for backache. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 42 |
| Penstemon eatonii Gray Eaton's Penstemon USDA PEEAE2 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Snake Bite Remedy Poultice of plant applied to snakebites. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 42 |
| Penstemon eatonii Gray Eaton's Penstemon USDA PEEAE2 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Veterinary Aid Plant used for livestock with colic. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 42 |
| Penstemon eatonii Gray Eaton's Penstemon USDA PEEAE2 |
Shoshoni Drug, Analgesic Decoction of whole plant used as a wash for pain and healing of burns. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 114 |
| Penstemon eatonii Gray Eaton's Penstemon USDA PEEAE2 |
Shoshoni Drug, Burn Dressing Decoction of whole plant used as a wash for pain and healing of burns. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 114 |
| Penstemon fendleri Torr. & Gray Fendler's Penstemon USDA PEFE |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Dermatological Aid Plant used for arrow or gunshot wounds. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 44 |
| Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene Bush Penstemon USDA PEFRF4 |
Iroquois Drug, Emetic Compound decoction of plants taken as an emetic to cure a love medicine. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 434 |
| Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene Bush Penstemon USDA PEFRF4 |
Iroquois Drug, Gynecological Aid Compound decoction used as wash by women who are bothered by milk flow. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 434 |
| Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene Bush Penstemon USDA PEFRF4 |
Iroquois Drug, Love Medicine Compound decoction of plants taken as an emetic to cure a love medicine. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 434 |
| Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene Bush Penstemon USDA PEFRF4 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Analgesic Infusion of plant tops taken for headaches. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 139 |
| Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene Bush Penstemon USDA PEFRF4 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of plant tops taken for colds. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 139 |
| Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene Bush Penstemon USDA PEFRF4 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion of plant tops used for sore and itchy scalp and to bathe the skin for acne and pimples. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 139 |
| Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene Bush Penstemon USDA PEFRF4 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of plant tops taken for internal disorders. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 139 |
| Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene Bush Penstemon USDA PEFRF4 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Infusion of plant tops taken for flu. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 139 |
| Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene Bush Penstemon USDA PEFRF4 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Toothache Remedy Raw roots placed on the tooth for severe toothaches. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 139 |
| Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene Bush Penstemon USDA PEFRF4 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Veterinary Aid Infusion of plant tops used on animals for skin problems. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 139 |
| Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene Bush Penstemon USDA PEFRF4 |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Clothing Mashed leaves placed inside moccasins for insoles. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 139 |
| Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene Bush Penstemon USDA PEFRF4 |
Salish Drug, Unspecified Decoction of plants used as a medicine. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 294 |
| Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene Bush Penstemon USDA PEFRF4 |
Shuswap Drug, Urinary Aid Plant used for the bladder. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 69 |
| Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene Bush Penstemon USDA PEFRF4 |
Thompson Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Decoction of plant used as a wash for arthritis or as a bath for any kind of aches and sores. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 286 |
| Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene Bush Penstemon USDA PEFRF4 |
Thompson Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Whole plant used to make bathing water for rheumatism. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 286 |
| Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene Bush Penstemon USDA PEFRF4 |
Thompson Drug, Eye Medicine Decoction of leaves used as an eyewash for sore, red eyes. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 286 |
| Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene Bush Penstemon USDA PEFRF4 |
Thompson Drug, Eye Medicine Infusion of fresh plant used as a wash for sore eyes. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 468 |
| Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene Bush Penstemon USDA PEFRF4 |
Thompson Drug, Eye Medicine Infusion of plant used as an eyewash. The informant used the infusion as an eyewash after she had gotten glass splinters in her eye. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 286 |
| Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene Bush Penstemon USDA PEFRF4 |
Thompson Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of plant taken for ulcers and 'to clean you out.' Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 286 |
| Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene Bush Penstemon USDA PEFRF4 |
Thompson Drug, Kidney Aid Decoction of stems, flowers and leaves taken for kidney trouble. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 468 |
| Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene Bush Penstemon USDA PEFRF4 |
Thompson Drug, Orthopedic Aid Decoction of plant with other 'weeds' used as a poultice for broken bones. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 286 |
| Penstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene Bush Penstemon USDA PEFRF4 |
Thompson Drug, Orthopedic Aid Decoction of stems, flowers and leaves taken for sore back. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 468 |