| Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes Pacific Silver Fir USDA ABAM |
Bella Coola Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of bark taken for stomach ailments. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197 |
| Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes Pacific Silver Fir USDA ABAM |
Haisla Drug, Tonic Bark and other plants used as a tonic. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes Pacific Silver Fir USDA ABAM |
Haisla Other, Ceremonial Items Pitch applied to the face of mourners. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 173 |
| Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes Pacific Silver Fir USDA ABAM |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Fiber, Snow Gear Boughs used as a 'bush sleigh' to pull cargo across deep snow. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 173 |
| Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes Pacific Silver Fir USDA ABAM |
Hanaksiala Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of bark taken for stomach ulcers. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 173 |
| Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes Pacific Silver Fir USDA ABAM |
Hanaksiala Drug, Hemorrhoid Remedy Infusion of bark taken for hemorrhoids. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 173 |
| Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes Pacific Silver Fir USDA ABAM |
Hanaksiala Other, Containers Boughs used to line oolichan ripening pits. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 173 |
| Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes Pacific Silver Fir USDA ABAM |
Kitasoo Drug, Unspecified Decoction of bark used medicinally. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 316 |
| Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes Pacific Silver Fir USDA ABAM |
Kitasoo Food, Unspecified Inner bark used for food. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 316 |
| Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes Pacific Silver Fir USDA ABAM |
Nitinaht Drug, Internal Medicine Infusion of crushed bark, red alder and hemlock barks taken for internal injuries. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71 |
| Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes Pacific Silver Fir USDA ABAM |
Nitinaht Drug, Preventive Medicine Boughs placed in fire and smoke inhaled to prevent sickness. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71 |
| Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes Pacific Silver Fir USDA ABAM |
Nitinaht Food, Candy Hardened pitch chewed for pleasure. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71 |
| Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes Pacific Silver Fir USDA ABAM |
Nitinaht Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Long, hard knots used to make halibut hooks. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71 |
| Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes Pacific Silver Fir USDA ABAM |
Nitinaht Other, Incense & Fragrance Boughs bundled up and used as home air fresheners. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71 |
| Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes Pacific Silver Fir USDA ABAM |
Oweekeno Drug, Cold Remedy Pitch boiled with grease or pitch and sugar and taken for colds. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 68 |
| Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes Pacific Silver Fir USDA ABAM |
Thompson Drug, Panacea Pitch taken for any type of bad disease. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes Pacific Silver Fir USDA ABAM |
Thompson Drug, Unspecified Decoction of branches taken as medicine. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes Pacific Silver Fir USDA ABAM |
Thompson Other, Incense & Fragrance Boiled boughs mixed with decoctions of other plants and deer grease and used to perfume the hair. The boiled boughs were mixed with decoctions of leaves from a broad leafed plant from the Okanagan, sweet grass from the Thompson River and deer grease and then used to perfume the hair. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Abnaki Drug, Disinfectant Used as an antiseptic. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 155 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Abnaki Drug, Panacea Leaves made into pillows and used as a panacea. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 155 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Heart Medicine Roots used for heart disease. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 124 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Boughs used as mats on the tent floor. Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 118 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Chippewa Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Decoction of root used as herbal steam for rheumatic joints. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 362 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Chippewa Drug, Dermatological Aid Gum of plant with bear grease used as an ointment for the hair. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 350 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Chippewa Drug, Herbal Steam Decoction of root sprinkled on hot stones and used as herbal steam for rheumatism. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 362 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Chippewa Drug, Herbal Steam Gum of plant melted on warm stone as herbal steam for headache. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 338 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Abortifacient Pitch used for menstrual irregularity. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 21 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of bark and sometimes wood taken for colds. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 21 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of bark and sometimes wood taken for coughs. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 21 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Dermatological Aid Pitch and grease used as an ointment for scabies and boils. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 21 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of pitch applied to cuts. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 21 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Decoction of pitch and sturgeon oil used for tuberculosis. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 21 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 21 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Cree, Woodlands Fiber, Building Material Boughs used to make a brush shelter. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 21 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Cree, Woodlands Fiber, Canoe Material Wood used to make paddles. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 21 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Iroquois Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Steam from decoction of branches used as a bath for rheumatism. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 269 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Iroquois Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of gum and hot milk taken as an antiseptic for colds. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 37 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Iroquois Drug, Gynecological Aid Steam from decoction of branches used as a bath for parturition. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 269 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Iroquois Drug, Orthopedic Aid Decoction used as wash and poultice applied to cuts, bruises, sprains and sores. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 269 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Malecite Drug, Laxative Juice used as a laxative. Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 244 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Malecite Drug, Unspecified Pitch used in medicines. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Malecite Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Needles and branches used for pillows and bedding. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Malecite Fiber, Sewing Material Roots used for thread. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Malecite Other, Waterproofing Agent Pitch used for waterproofing seams in canoes. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Menominee Drug, Adjuvant Inner bark used as a seasoner for medicines. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 45 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Micmac Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Cones used for colic. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Micmac Drug, Laxative Buds used as a laxative. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Micmac Drug, Venereal Aid Bark used for gonorrhea and buds used as a laxative. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Micmac Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Boughs used to make beds. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Micmac Food, Beverage Bark used to make a beverage. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |