| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Shuswap Other, Cash Crop Cones sold for money. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Shuswap Other, Fuel Wood used for a long lasting fire. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 50 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Cold Remedy Pitch taken for colds. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of bark taken over a period of time for bad coughs. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of bark taken over a period of time for bruises. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of pitch used alone for cuts or with Vaseline for sores. The pitch was smeared over injuries and covered with a bandage. In earlier times, animal fat was probably used in place of Vaseline Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Orthopedic Aid Decoction of bark taken over a period of time for sprains. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Panacea Pitch taken for any type of bad disease. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Decoction of boughs and/or bark taken for tuberculosis. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Inner bark eaten as a medicine for 'shadow on the chest,' the beginning of tuberculosis. It made the informant very sick with aching, flu like symptoms, but after that, she did not develop tuberculosis. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Pitch taken for tuberculosis. If too much balsam pitch were taken, it could make one stout. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Poultice of pitch and buttercup roots used for tuberculosis. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Unspecified Decoction of branches taken as medicine. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Boughs valued as bedding and temporary floor coverings and changed every two to three days. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Inner bark used for food. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Other, Incense & Fragrance Boiled boughs mixed with decoctions of other plants and deer grease and used to perfume the hair. The boiled boughs were mixed with decoctions of leaves from a broad leafed plant from the Okanagan, sweet grass from the Thompson River and deer grease and then used to perfume the hair. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Other, Soap Sweet smelling bough used by 'old people' to wash their skin, to give their bodies a nice scent. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Wet'suwet'en Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of bark or inner bark used for colds. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Wet'suwet'en Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of bark or inner bark used for coughs. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Wet'suwet'en Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Decoction of bark or inner bark used for flu. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Wet'suwet'en Drug, Tonic Decoction of bark or inner bark used as a tonic. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Abies procera Rehd. Noble Fir USDA ABPR |
Paiute Drug, Cold Remedy Dried branches stored for use as a cold remedy. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 45 |
| Abies procera Rehd. Noble Fir USDA ABPR |
Paiute Drug, Cold Remedy Mashed leaves sewn into a sack placed around the child's neck 'for colds.' Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 45 |
| Abies procera Rehd. Noble Fir USDA ABPR |
Paiute Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of leaves taken as cough medicine. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 45 |
| Abies procera Rehd. Noble Fir USDA ABPR |
Paiute Drug, Dermatological Aid Dried branches stored for use as a deodorant. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 45 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Carrier, Northern Drug, Burn Dressing Gum used as an ointment on wounds, especially on burns. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Carrier, Northern Drug, Cathartic Decoction of bark taken as a purgative. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Carrier, Northern Drug, Dermatological Aid Gum used as an ointment on wounds, especially on burns. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Cheyenne Drug, Adjuvant Leaves and fungus burned on coals, with or without sweet grass, and used to strengthen medicines. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 169 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Cheyenne Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Leaves with fungus burned on coals with or without sweet grass used ceremonially to purify sickness. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 169 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Gitksan Drug, Cathartic Gum or mashed cones used as purgative and diuretic for consumption and gonorrhea. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Gitksan Drug, Dermatological Aid Gum or mashed cones applied to cuts and sores, especially gonorrheal sores. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Gitksan Drug, Diuretic Gum or mashed cones used as purgative and diuretic for consumption and gonorrhea. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Gitksan Drug, Other Gum or mashed cones taken for many serious ailments. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Gitksan Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Gum or mashed cones used as purgative and diuretic for consumption. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Gitksan Drug, Venereal Aid Gum or mashed cones taken for gonorrhea and applied to gonorrheal sores. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Gitksan Drug, Venereal Aid Gum or mashed cones used as purgative and diuretic for gonorrhea. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Thompson Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of shoots and bark taken for stomach trouble. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 462 |
| Abies sp. Balsam Fir |
Thompson Drug, Tonic Decoction of shoots and bark taken as a tonic. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 462 |
| Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. Snowball Sand Verbena USDA ABFR2 |
Acoma Food, Unspecified Roots ground, mixed with corn meal and eaten. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 39 |
| Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. Snowball Sand Verbena USDA ABFR2 |
Laguna Food, Unspecified Roots ground, mixed with corn meal and eaten. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 39 |
| Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. Snowball Sand Verbena USDA ABFR2 |
Navajo Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Plant taken to 'remove the effects of swallowing a spider.' Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 46 |
| Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. Snowball Sand Verbena USDA ABFR2 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Cathartic Plant used as a cathartic. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 21 |
| Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. Snowball Sand Verbena USDA ABFR2 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Diaphoretic Plant used as a sudorific. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 21 |
| Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. Snowball Sand Verbena USDA ABFR2 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Emetic Plant used as an emetic. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 21 |
| Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. Snowball Sand Verbena USDA ABFR2 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Plant used for stomach cramps. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 21 |
| Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. Snowball Sand Verbena USDA ABFR2 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Panacea Plant used as a life medicine. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 21 |
| Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. Snowball Sand Verbena USDA ABFR2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Dermatological Aid Cold infusion used as lotion for sores or sore mouth and to bathe perspiring feet. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 26 |
| Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. Snowball Sand Verbena USDA ABFR2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Oral Aid Cold infusion used as lotion for sores or sore mouth. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 26 |
| Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. Snowball Sand Verbena USDA ABFR2 |
Ute Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Roots and flowers used for stomach and bowel troubles. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 32 |