| Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. Snowball Sand Verbena USDA ABFR2 |
Zuni Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Fresh flowers eaten for stomachaches. Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 377 |
| Abronia latifolia Eschsch. Coastal Sand Verbena USDA ABLA2 |
Clallam Food, Unspecified Roots used for food. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 201 |
| Abronia latifolia Eschsch. Coastal Sand Verbena USDA ABLA2 |
Klallam Food, Unspecified Roots used for food. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 29 |
| Abronia latifolia Eschsch. Coastal Sand Verbena USDA ABLA2 |
Makah Food, Unspecified Roots eaten in the fall. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 29 |
| Abronia turbinata Torr. ex S. Wats. Transmontane Sand Verbena USDA ABTU |
Shoshoni Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of mashed leaves applied to swellings. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 30 |
| Abronia villosa S. Wats. Desert Sand Verbena USDA ABVIV |
Paiute Drug, Diuretic Used as an urinary inducer. Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 41 |
| Abronia villosa S. Wats. Desert Sand Verbena USDA ABVIV |
Shoshoni Drug, Burn Dressing Poultice of mashed roots applied to burns. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 30 |
| Abutilon incanum (Link) Sweet Pelotazo USDA ABIN |
Hawaiian Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Dried flowers eaten for gripping stomachaches. Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 69 |
| Abutilon incanum (Link) Sweet Pelotazo USDA ABIN |
Hawaiian Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Flowers, root bark and other plants pounded, resulting liquid heated and taken for stomachaches. Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 69 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Havasupai Fiber, Basketry Split twigs used as basket material. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 225 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Havasupai Fiber, Brushes & Brooms Twigs made into a brush and used to brush off metates. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 225 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Havasupai Food, Bread & Cake Seeds stored, roasted, ground and made into bread. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 225 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Papago Fiber, Basketry Thorns removed, twigs split in half lengthwise and used to make serviceable baskets. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Papago Fiber, Other Twigs used for curved structures in wrapped weaving. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Papago Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Fitted around deer hunters' heads and used in sizing deer head disguises. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 40 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Papago Other, Incense & Fragrance Buds and blossoms dried and used by women as perfume sachets. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 52 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Papago Other, Tools Curved rods used for fleshing and dehairing animal skins. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 69 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Papago Other, Tools Short transverse sticks affixed to poles and used to dislodge saguaro fruits from the shafts. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Papago Other, Tools Stems peeled of bark and thorns and used to beat sheep hides to make them more pliable. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 69 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Pima Fiber, Building Material Bushes dried, piled high and used as brush fences. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 90 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Pima, Gila River Food, Starvation Food Seeds used as 'starvation food.' Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7 |
| Acacia koa Gray Koa USDA ACKO |
Hawaiian Drug, Pediatric Aid Ashes of this and other plants applied to the mouth interior of infants for physical weakness. Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 46 |
| Acacia koa Gray Koa USDA ACKO |
Hawaiian Drug, Strengthener Ashes of this and other plants applied to the mouth interior of infants for physical weakness. Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 46 |
| Acacia sp. Cats Claw |
Hualapai Fiber, Basketry Limbs split and used to coil around the edges of baskets. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 14 |
| Acacia sp. Cats Claw |
Walapai Fiber, Furniture Used for cradle frames. Bell, Willis H and Edward F. Castetter, 1941, Ethnobiological Studies in the Southwest VII. The Utilization of of Yucca, Sotol and Beargrass by the Aborigines in the American Southwest, University of New Mexico Bulletin 5(5):1-74, page 49 |
| Acacia willardiana Palo Blanco |
Seri Fiber, Basketry Splints used to make the woof for basketry. Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 138 |
| Acalypha virginica L. Virginia Threeseed Mercury USDA ACVI |
Cherokee Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Root used for pox. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61 |
| Acamptopappus sphaerocephalus var. hirtellus Blake Rayless Goldenhead USDA ACSPH |
Kawaiisu Drug, Analgesic Mashed plant used as a salve for pain. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 9 |
| Acer alba L. White Maple |
Micmac Drug, Cough Medicine Bark used as a cough remedy. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53 |
| Acer circinatum Pursh Vine Maple USDA ACCI |
Chehalis Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Used to make the wattleworks of fish traps. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40 |
| Acer circinatum Pursh Vine Maple USDA ACCI |
Clallam Food, Dried Food Sap eaten dried. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197 |
| Acer circinatum Pursh Vine Maple USDA ACCI |
Clallam Food, Unspecified Sap eaten fresh. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 197 |
| Acer circinatum Pursh Vine Maple USDA ACCI |
Karok Drug, Love Medicine Branches used by women as a love medicine. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 385 |
| Acer circinatum Pursh Vine Maple USDA ACCI |
Lummi Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Used to make the wattleworks of fish traps. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40 |
| Acer circinatum Pursh Vine Maple USDA ACCI |
Makah Fiber, Basketry Used to make baskets. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 285 |
| Acer circinatum Pursh Vine Maple USDA ACCI |
Nitinaht Other, Containers Wood used to make small boxes and oil containers. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 90 |
| Acer circinatum Pursh Vine Maple USDA ACCI |
Nitinaht Other, Cooking Tools Wood used to make bowls and drinking containers. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 90 |
| Acer circinatum Pursh Vine Maple USDA ACCI |
Nitinaht Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Used to make bows. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 76 |
| Acer circinatum Pursh Vine Maple USDA ACCI |
Nitinaht Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make bows. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 90 |
| Acer circinatum Pursh Vine Maple USDA ACCI |
Quileute Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Used to make the wattleworks of fish traps. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40 |
| Acer circinatum Pursh Vine Maple USDA ACCI |
Quinault Fiber, Basketry Straight shoots used to make openwork baskets for general household utilities. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40 |
| Acer circinatum Pursh Vine Maple USDA ACCI |
Quinault Fiber, Building Material Poles used to hold down roof planks on houses. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40 |
| Acer circinatum Pursh Vine Maple USDA ACCI |
Quinault Other, Paint Charcoal mixed with oil and used as black paint. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40 |
| Acer circinatum Pursh Vine Maple USDA ACCI |
Skagit Fiber, Furniture Saplings used as swings for baby cradles. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40 |
| Acer circinatum Pursh Vine Maple USDA ACCI |
Skagit Other, Tools Saplings used to make salmon tongs. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40 |
| Acer circinatum Pursh Vine Maple USDA ACCI |
Thompson Drug, Antidiarrheal Wood burned to charcoal, mixed with water and brown sugar and taken for dysentery. The wood was always taken early in the morning from the sunrise side of the tree. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 145 |
| Acer circinatum Pursh Vine Maple USDA ACCI |
Thompson Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Wood burned to charcoal, mixed with water and brown sugar and taken for polio. The wood was always taken early in the morning from the sunrise side of the tree. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 145 |
| Acer circinatum Pursh Vine Maple USDA ACCI |
Thompson Fiber, Furniture Wood used in making baby basket frames. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 145 |
| Acer glabrum Torr. Rocky Mountain Maple USDA ACGLG2 |
Bella Coola Other, Tools Straight sticks tied around a tree base, ignited and burned until the tree fell. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 200 |
| Acer glabrum Torr. Rocky Mountain Maple USDA ACGLG2 |
Blackfoot Drug, Cathartic Infusion of bark taken in the morning as a cathartic. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65 |