| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Micmac Other, Fuel Wood used for kindling and fuel. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Montagnais Drug, Dietary Aid Inner bark grated and eaten to benefit the diet. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 313 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Ojibwa Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Needle-like leaves used as part of the ceremony involving the sweatbath. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 378 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Ojibwa Drug, Cough Medicine Plant used as a cough medicine. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Ojibwa Drug, Dermatological Aid Balsam gum used for sores and compound containing leaves used as a wash. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 378 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Ojibwa Drug, Diaphoretic Needle-like leaves used as part of the medicine for the sweatbath. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 378 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Ojibwa Drug, Stimulant Leaves used as a reviver and used in compound as a wash. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 378 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Penobscot Drug, Burn Dressing Sap smeared over burns, sores and cuts. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 309 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Penobscot Drug, Dermatological Aid Sap used as a salve for burns, sores and cuts. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 309 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Potawatomi Drug, Dermatological Aid Balsam gum used as a salve for sores. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 68, 69 |
| Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. White Fir USDA ABCOC |
Keres, Western Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Infusion of foliage used as a bath for rheumatism. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24 |
| Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. White Fir USDA ABCOC |
Klamath Dye, Brown Bark used as a tan dye for buckskin. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 88 |
| Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. White Fir USDA ABCOC |
Paiute Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of fresh pitch applied to cuts. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 30 |
| Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. White Fir USDA ABCOC |
Paiute Drug, Pulmonary Aid Decoction of needles and bark resin taken for pulmonary troubles. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 30 |
| Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. White Fir USDA ABCOC |
Paiute Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Soft bark resin eaten or infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 30 |
| Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. White Fir USDA ABCOC |
Paiute Drug, Venereal Aid Compound decoction of resin taken for venereal disease. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 30 |
| Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. White Fir USDA ABCOC |
Shoshoni Drug, Dermatological Aid Simple or compound poultice of warm pitch applied to sores or boils. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 30 |
| Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. White Fir USDA ABCOC |
Shoshoni Drug, Pulmonary Aid Decoction of needles and bark resin taken for pulmonary troubles. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 30 |
| Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. White Fir USDA ABCOC |
Washo Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Soft bark resin eaten or infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 30 |
| Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. Fraser's Fir USDA ABFR |
Cherokee Drug, Dermatological Aid Used for wounds and ulcers. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34 |
| Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. Fraser's Fir USDA ABFR |
Cherokee Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Taken 'to loosen bowels and cleanse and heal internal ulcers.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34 |
| Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. Fraser's Fir USDA ABFR |
Cherokee Drug, Gynecological Aid Used for 'falling of the womb,' the 'whites' and weak backs in females. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34 |
| Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. Fraser's Fir USDA ABFR |
Cherokee Drug, Kidney Aid Burst blister, take ooze alone or with turpentine for 'kidney trouble.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34 |
| Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. Fraser's Fir USDA ABFR |
Cherokee Drug, Laxative Taken 'to loosen bowels and cleanse and heal internal ulcers.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34 |
| Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. Fraser's Fir USDA ABFR |
Cherokee Drug, Pulmonary Aid 'Balsam for breast and lung complaints with pain, soreness or cough.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34 |
| Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. Fraser's Fir USDA ABFR |
Cherokee Drug, Urinary Aid Used for urinary diseases. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34 |
| Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. Fraser's Fir USDA ABFR |
Cherokee Drug, Venereal Aid Used for venereal diseases. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Bella Coola Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of root bark or stem taken every day for stomach trouble. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 50 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Bella Coola Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of bark taken for stomach ailments. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 197 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Carrier, Southern Drug, Unspecified Tree used as medicine. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 50 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Chehalis Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of needles taken for colds. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Chehalis Other, Fuel Wood used for fuel. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Gitksan Drug, Pulmonary Aid Poultice of compound containing bark used as a chest plaster for lung hemorrhage. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 50 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Green River Group Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of needles taken for colds. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Hesquiat Fiber, Clothing Boughs used by wolf dancers as decorative clothing. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Hesquiat Other, Incense & Fragrance Fragrant boughs placed under bedding as an incense. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 41 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Karok Drug, Tonic Infusion of needles taken as a tonic. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Kwakiutl Drug, Dermatological Aid Pitch and grease eaten or rubbed on sores and boils. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Kwakiutl Drug, Laxative Decoction of pitch taken as a tonic and laxative. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Kwakiutl Drug, Tonic Infusion of bark taken as a tonic to stay young and strong. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Nitinaht Drug, Internal Medicine Infusion of crushed bark, red alder and hemlock barks taken for internal injuries. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Nitinaht Drug, Unspecified Boughs placed in fire and smoke inhaled to prevent sickness. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Nitinaht Food, Candy Hardened pitch chewed for pleasure. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Nitinaht Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Long, hard knots used to make halibut hooks. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Nitinaht Other, Incense & Fragrance Boughs bundled up and used as home air fresheners. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of bark taken for bad coughs. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Bark dried, powdered and rubbed on the neck and under the arms as a deodorant. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Needles dried, powdered, mixed with marrow and used to scent the hair and keep from going bald. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dietary Aid Pitch taken for a loss of appetite. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of bark taken for 'bad stomachs' with loss of appetite and loss of weight. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |