| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Hopi Food, Staple Ground seeds used to make meal. Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 158 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Hopi Food, Staple Ground seeds used to make meal. Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 158 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Hopi Food, Staple Ground seeds used to make meal. Vestal, Paul A, 1940, Notes on a Collection of Plants from the Hopi Indian Region of Arizona Made by J. G. Owens in 1891, Botanical Museum Leaflets (Harvard University) 8(8):153-168, page 158 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Hopi Food, Starvation Food Plants formerly used for food during famines. Jones, Volney H., 1938, An Ancient Food Plant of the Southwest and Plateau Regions, El Palacio 44:41-53, page 43 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Hopi Food, Starvation Food Plants formerly used for food during famines. Jones, Volney H., 1938, An Ancient Food Plant of the Southwest and Plateau Regions, El Palacio 44:41-53, page 43 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Hopi Food, Starvation Food Plants formerly used for food during famines. Jones, Volney H., 1938, An Ancient Food Plant of the Southwest and Plateau Regions, El Palacio 44:41-53, page 43 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Hopi Food, Starvation Food Plants formerly used for food during famines. Jones, Volney H., 1938, An Ancient Food Plant of the Southwest and Plateau Regions, El Palacio 44:41-53, page 43 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Hopi Food, Starvation Food Plants formerly used for food during famines. Jones, Volney H., 1938, An Ancient Food Plant of the Southwest and Plateau Regions, El Palacio 44:41-53, page 43 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Hopi Food, Starvation Food Seeds eaten, especially in time of famine. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 338 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Hopi Food, Starvation Food Seeds used during famines. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 65 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Kawaiisu Food, Staple Seeds pounded into a meal and eaten dry. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 46 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Montana Indian Food, Unspecified Seeds used for food. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 11 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Navajo Food, Bread & Cake Ground seeds made into cakes. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 26 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Navajo Food, Bread & Cake Seeds ground and made into bread and dumplings. Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 223 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Navajo Food, Fodder Plant used as a fodder for both wild and domesticated animals. Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 154 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Navajo Food, Forage Plant used as a forage for both wild and domesticated animals. Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 154 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Navajo Food, Porridge Seeds ground and made into gruel. Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 223 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Navajo Food, Staple Ground seeds used for food. Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 154 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Navajo Food, Unspecified Seeds used for food. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 27 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Navajo, Ramah Food, Fodder Young plants used as horse feed. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 16 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Navajo, Ramah Food, Porridge Seeds finely ground and cooked into a mush with milk or water. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 16 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Paiute Food, Porridge Seeds ground into a meal for mush. Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 26-27 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Paiute Food, Sauce & Relish Ground seeds used for sauce. Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 32 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Paiute Food, Staple Ground seeds used for flour. Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 32 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Paiute Food, Staple Roasted and ground into flour. Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 244 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Paiute, Northern Food, Porridge Seeds dried, winnowed, ground into a flour and used to make mush. Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 46 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Paiute, Northern Food, Soup Seeds dried, winnowed, ground into a flour and used to make soup. Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 46 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Paiute, Northern Food, Special Food Seeds considered a good food to eat when suffering from stomachaches, colic or aching bones. When a person was suffering from any of these sicknesses, Indian ricegrass seeds should have been the only food eaten. Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 46 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Paiute, Northern Food, Staple Seeds used as a staple food. Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 46 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Paiute, Northern Food, Winter Use Food Seeds stored for winter use. Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 46 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Zuni Food, Staple Ground seeds used as a staple before the availability of corn. After the introduction of corn, the ground seeds were mixed with corn meal and made into steamed balls or pats. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 67 |
| Achnatherum hymenoides (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Barkworth Indian Ricegrass USDA ACHY |
Zuni Food, Unspecified Used especially in earlier times as an important source of food. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 27 |
| Achnatherum robustum (Vasey) Barkworth Sleepygrass USDA ACRO7 |
Navajo, Ramah Food, Fodder Used for sheep and horse feed. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 17 |
| Achnatherum speciosum (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth Desert Needlegrass USDA ACSP12 |
Kawaiisu Food, Unspecified Seeds used for food. When ripe in June, the grass was cut off in bunches, tied together with stems of the grass and thrown over the shoulder into the carrying basket suspended on one's back. Two procedures were used in preparing the seeds for food. First, the grass was spread out on a flat rock, where it was allowed to dry a half day and then threshed by burning. If the fire burned too quickly, green spear grass was added to slow it down. The burned stalks were stirred and lifted with a green stick so that the seeds would fall out. The seeds were gathered and winnowed by being poured from one basket to another. Boiled, the seeds swelled 'like rice.' A cupful would fill a pot. Second, the grass was dried for a day or two and the seeds beaten out. They would be boiled whole or first pounded to a meal and then cooked. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 66 |
| Achnatherum speciosum (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth Desert Needlegrass USDA ACSP12 |
Paiute Food, Porridge Seeds used to make mush. Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 243 |
| Aconitum columbianum Nutt. Columbian Monkshood USDA ACCOC3 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Poison Plant considered highly poisonous. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117 |
| Aconitum columbianum Nutt. Columbian Monkshood USDA ACCOC3 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Witchcraft Medicine Used for witchcraft. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117 |
| Aconitum delphiniifolium DC. Larkspurleaf Monkshood USDA ACDED3 |
Eskimo, Inupiat Drug, Poison Roots considered poisonous. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 140 |
| Aconitum delphiniifolium DC. Larkspurleaf Monkshood USDA ACDED3 |
Salish Drug, Unspecified Plant used as a medicine. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 294 |
| Aconitum fischeri Fischer Monkshood USDA ACFI3 |
Gosiute Drug, Poison Plant considered poisonous. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 360 |
| Aconitum maximum Pallas ex DC. Kamchatka Aconite USDA ACMA4 |
Aleut Drug, Poison Plant possibly used at one time as a poison. Bank, II, Theodore P., 1953, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies in the Aleutian Islands II. Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts, Botanical and Ethnobotanical Studies Papers, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, page 428 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Abnaki Drug, Carminative Decoction of roots taken for stomach gas. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 175 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Abnaki Drug, Carminative Used for stomach gases. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 154 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Heart Medicine Infusion of ground roots and pepperroot taken for heart disease. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 135 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Preventive Medicine Carried on the person in order to avoid contracting a disease. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 135 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Blackfoot Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Poultice of crushed rootstocks and hot water applied for cramps. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Blackfoot Other, Cash Crop Plant used for barter. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Cherokee Drug, Anticonvulsive Infusion given to 'prevent recurrent spasms.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Cherokee Drug, Diaphoretic Used as a diaphoretic. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Cherokee Drug, Diuretic Used as a diuretic. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 28 |