| Picea sp. Spruce |
Eskimo, Alaska Other, Cooking Tools Wood used to build fish drying racks and legs for elevated caches. Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Eskimo, Alaska Other, Fuel Logs considered an important source of fuel for heating the homes and steambaths of the village. Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Eskimo, Alaska Other, Tools Logs and poles used for making kayak parts, tool handles and other utilitarian objects. Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Eskimo, Alaska Other, Weapon Logs and poles used for making and weapon handles. Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Hoh Fiber, Basketry Limbs and roots split, pared, scraped and used to make baskets. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Iroquois Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Compound decoction applied to parts affected by rheumatism. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 268 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Iroquois Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Compound decoction taken for rheumatism. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 268 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Iroquois Drug, Cold Remedy Compound decoction or infusion of plants taken for colds. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 268 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Iroquois Drug, Cough Medicine Compound decoction taken for coughs. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 268 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Iroquois Drug, Dermatological Aid Gum applied to ingrown nails and cuts and used as a chewing gum. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 268 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Iroquois Drug, Emetic Infusion taken for colds and to vomit in the spring. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 268 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Iroquois Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Gum used for tuberculosis. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 36 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Iroquois Other, Smoke Plant Dried roots used to make cigars and smoked. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 36 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Navajo Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Plant used for 'Shooting, Witch, Lightning and Night Chant' ceremonies. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Navajo Drug, Stimulant Used to make an arrow and shot over the person to revive them from fainting. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Navajo Other, Ceremonial Items Used to make hoops, dresses, collars, bows and arrows for many different ceremonies. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Navajo Other, Tools Twigs used as beaters to make a high, stiff, lasting lather of yucca roots and water. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 21 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Penobscot Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of soft gum or pine pitch applied to boils and abscesses. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 309 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Penobscot Food, Candy Gum extensively chewed as a 'pastime.' Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 309 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Quileute Fiber, Basketry Limbs and roots split, pared, scraped and used to make baskets. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59 |
| Pinus banksiana Lamb. Jack Pine USDA PIBA2 |
Cree, Woodlands Other, Hide Preparation Dry, open cones mixed with rotten white spruce wood used to smoke tan hides. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 50 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Anthelmintic Given for worms. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Antidiarrheal Bark chewed 'to check bowels.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Oil used to bathe painful joints. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Syrup taken for chronic rheumatism. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion, steam and oil used in various ways as cold remedy. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Cough Medicine Syrup taken by pregnant women with cough. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of tar used on scaldhead, tetterworm, stone bruises and ulcers. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Febrifuge Compound infusion of needles to 'break out fever.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Taken for colics and gout. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Gynecological Aid Compound infusion of needles for 'child-bed-fevers.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Gynecological Aid Syrup taken by pregnant women with cough and poultice used for swollen breasts. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Hemorrhoid Remedy Compound infusion of root taken for piles. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Kidney Aid Taken for 'weak back or kidneys.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Laxative Taken as a gentle laxative. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Taken for gout, to break out measles and for complications from mumps. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Orthopedic Aid Taken for 'weak back or kidneys.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Other Skim turpentine off root decoction and use on deer's skin for drawing plaster. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Respiratory Aid Compound infusion of needles in apple juice taken by ball players 'for wind.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Respiratory Aid Syrup taken for 'catarrh (ulcer of the lungs).' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Sedative Given for hysterics. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Stimulant Compound infusion of root taken as a stimulant. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Tar used for consumption. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Urinary Aid Syrup used as poultice for swollen testicles caused by mumps. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Venereal Aid Syrup taken for chronic rheumatism and venereal disease. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Other, Incense & Fragrance Needles or gum used to scent soap. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Plagiomnium insigne (Mitt.) Koponen |
Oweekeno Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Heated or cooled poultice of boiled plant and Sitka spruce pitch applied to sore and swollen joints. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 52 |
| Plagiomnium insigne (Mitt.) Koponen |
Oweekeno Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of boiled plant and Sitka spruce pitch applied to cuts for the swelling. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 52 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. wislizeni (S. Wats.) Eckenwalder Rio Grande Cottonwood USDA PODEW |
Keres, Western Other, Ceremonial Items Twigs mixed with spruce branches the day after the mask dance. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 62 |
| Salix sp. |
Tanana, Upper Fiber, Snow Gear Stems and spruce bark used to make a temporary sled for transporting meat across ice. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 7 |