| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Laxative Gum chewed as a laxative. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 126 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Laxative Resin chewed as a laxative. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 73 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Unspecified Used in the sudatory, this is taken by women after childbirth and for other complaints. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 126 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Algonquin, Quebec Food, Candy Resin chewed like chewing gum. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 73 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule Fiber, Basketry Roots used to sew basketss. Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 129 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule Fiber, Canoe Material Roots used to sew canoes. Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 129 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule Fiber, Snow Gear Roots used to sew snowshoes. Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 129 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Chippewa Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Compound decoction of twigs used as herbal steam for rheumatism. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 362 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Decoction of inner bark used for arthritis. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Blood Medicine Poultice of gum and lard applied for blood poisoning. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Dermatological Aid Pitch and grease used as an ointment for skin rashes, scabies, persistent scabs and growing boils. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of gum and lard applied to infections. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Dermatological Aid Rotten wood used in baby dusting powder. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Dermatological Aid Rotten, dried, finely powdered wood used as baby powder and for skin rashes. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Pediatric Aid Rotten wood used in baby dusting powder. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Pediatric Aid Rotten, dried, finely powdered wood used as baby powder and for skin rashes. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Dye, Yellow-Brown Rotten wood used as a yellow brown dye for white goods. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Fiber, Basketry Wood used for the edging of a birch bark sewing basket base and lid. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Fiber, Building Material Bark sheets used for roofing on buildings. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Fiber, Canoe Material Wood used to make canoe paddles. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Fiber, Canoe Material Wood used to make ribs and gunwales for birch bark canoes. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Fiber, Caulking Material Pitch used as a sealant for birch bark canoes. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Bark sheets used for tent flooring. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Fiber, Sewing Material Roots used to sew birch bark baskets and canoes. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Food, Candy Gum chewed as a confection. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Food, Candy Gum chewed for pleasure. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Other, Cooking Tools Split log hollowed out to make a dish to feed fish broth to puppies. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Other, Fasteners Wood pegs used to fasten the tabs on the bottom & top pieces to the basket body during construction. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Other, Hide Preparation Rotten, dried wood burned in a slow fire to smoke tan hides. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make floats for fishing nets. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Other, Tools Dead, standing trees used to make a moose hide stretcher. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Eskimo, Alaska Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of resin applied to wounds. Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 716 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Eskimo, Alaska Drug, Unspecified Infusion of needles used as medicine for all purposes. Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 716 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Eskimo, Alaska Food, Candy Resin chewed for pleasure. Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 716 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of gum and grease applied to pustulant wounds. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Drug, Respiratory Aid Decoction of gum or needles taken for respiratory infections. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Fiber, Building Material Wood used to make cabins and caches. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Fiber, Canoe Material Split wood used to make fish traps and canoe or kayak stringers. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Fiber, Cordage Split, inner root bark or small rootlets used as fishing lines & cord for making & repairing tools. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Needles used as flooring in tents. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Food, Unspecified Cambium eaten in the spring. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Other, Ceremonial Items Roots used to make headgear and masks. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Other, Containers Roots used to make trays and buckets. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Other, Cooking Tools Roots used to make spoons, dippers and bowls. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Other, Fuel Wood used for fires. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Roots used to make floats. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Split wood used to make fish traps and canoe or kayak stringers. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Eskimo, Kuskokwagmiut Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of green needles taken or raw needles chewed as cough medicine. Oswalt, W. H., 1957, A Western Eskimo Ethnobotany, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 6:17-36, page 28, 29 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Eskimo, Nunivak Drug, Dermatological Aid Resin applied to wounds. Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 325 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Eskimo, Nunivak Drug, Panacea Infusion of needles used as a medicine for all purposes. Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 325 |