| Eschscholzia sp. California Poppy |
Cahuilla Other, Decorations Pollen used by women as a facial cosmetic. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 73 |
| Eucalyptus sp. Eucalyptus |
Cahuilla Drug, Cold Remedy Leaves used in steam treatments for colds. The leaves were boiled in water and the patient held his head over the bowl. A blanket was then placed over the patient, who inhaled the steam to relieve sinus congestion. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 73 |
| Euphorbia sp. Spurge |
Cahuilla Drug, Febrifuge Decoction of plant used as a bath for fevers. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 73 |
| Euphorbia sp. Spurge |
Cahuilla Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Decoction of plant used as a bath for chicken pox and smallpox. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 73 |
| Euphorbia sp. Spurge |
Cahuilla Drug, Oral Aid Infusion of plant taken for mouth sores. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 73 |
| Ferocactus cylindraceus var. cylindraceus California Barrelcactus USDA FECYC |
Cahuilla Food, Beverage Plant used to obtain water. The barrel cactus provided a desert reservoir, one which had long been familiar to many desert travelers at times of emergency. To obtain water, the top of the cactus was sliced off, a portion of the pulp was removed to create a depression and then the pulp was squeezed by hand in the depression until water was released from the spongy mass. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 67 |
| Ferocactus cylindraceus var. cylindraceus California Barrelcactus USDA FECYC |
Cahuilla Food, Dried Food Buds sun dried for storage. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 67 |
| Ferocactus cylindraceus var. cylindraceus California Barrelcactus USDA FECYC |
Cahuilla Food, Dried Food Flowers sun dried for storage. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 67 |
| Ferocactus cylindraceus var. cylindraceus California Barrelcactus USDA FECYC |
Cahuilla Food, Staple Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
| Ferocactus cylindraceus var. cylindraceus California Barrelcactus USDA FECYC |
Cahuilla Food, Unspecified Buds eaten fresh, parboiled or baked in a pit. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 67 |
| Ferocactus cylindraceus var. cylindraceus California Barrelcactus USDA FECYC |
Cahuilla Food, Unspecified Flowers eaten fresh, parboiled or baked in a pit. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 67 |
| Ferocactus cylindraceus var. cylindraceus California Barrelcactus USDA FECYC |
Cahuilla Other, Cooking Tools Body of the plant used as a cooking vessel. The top was cut off of the cactus and the interior was dug out. Water was then put into the depression and heated with hot stones. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 67 |
| Fouquieria splendens Engelm. Ocotillo USDA FOSP2 |
Cahuilla Fiber, Building Material Wood used to make fences to prevent rodents from attacking cultivated crops. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 74 |
| Fouquieria splendens Engelm. Ocotillo USDA FOSP2 |
Cahuilla Food, Beverage Fresh blossoms soaked in water and used to make a summer drink. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 74 |
| Fouquieria splendens Engelm. Ocotillo USDA FOSP2 |
Cahuilla Food, Porridge Parched seeds ground into a flour and used to make mush or cakes. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 74 |
| Fouquieria splendens Engelm. Ocotillo USDA FOSP2 |
Cahuilla Food, Unspecified Fresh blossoms used for food. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 74 |
| Fouquieria splendens Engelm. Ocotillo USDA FOSP2 |
Cahuilla Other, Fuel Wood used for firewood. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 74 |
| Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill. Beach Strawberry USDA FRCHC |
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Ceremonial Items Berry used in the flower dance at the Strawberry Festival, danced by young girls. The wild strawberries could be eaten only after the strawberries were danced and blessed; they were eaten on picnic day. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 109 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. bracteata (Heller) Staudt Woodland Strawberry USDA FRVEB2 |
Apache Food, Special Food Fruits eaten as a delicacy. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 29 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. bracteata (Heller) Staudt Woodland Strawberry USDA FRVEB2 |
Cochiti Food, Special Food Fruits eaten as a delicacy. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 29 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. bracteata (Heller) Staudt Woodland Strawberry USDA FRVEB2 |
Isleta Food, Special Food Fruits eaten as a delicacy. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 29 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. bracteata (Heller) Staudt Woodland Strawberry USDA FRVEB2 |
Navajo Food, Special Food Fruits eaten as a delicacy. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 29 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt California Strawberry USDA FRVEC2 |
Cahuilla Food, Fruit Fruit always eaten fresh. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 74 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt California Strawberry USDA FRVEC2 |
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Ceremonial Items Berry used in the flower dance at the Strawberry Festival, danced by young girls. The wild strawberries could be eaten only after the strawberries were danced and blessed; they were eaten on picnic day. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 110 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Algonquin, Quebec Food, Fruit Fruit gathered, cultivated and eaten fresh. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 91 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Algonquin, Quebec Food, Preserves Fruit gathered, cultivated and preserved. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 91 |
| Frangula californica ssp. occidentalis (T.J. Howell) Kartesz & Gandhi California Buckthorn USDA FRCAO4 |
Cahuilla Drug, Laxative Dried, ground bark used for constipation. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 131 |
| Frangula californica ssp. occidentalis (T.J. Howell) Kartesz & Gandhi California Buckthorn USDA FRCAO4 |
Cahuilla Drug, Laxative Infusion of berries taken as a laxative. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 131 |
| Frangula californica ssp. occidentalis (T.J. Howell) Kartesz & Gandhi California Buckthorn USDA FRCAO4 |
Cahuilla Drug, Tonic Infusion of berries taken as a tonic. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 131 |
| Frasera speciosa Dougl. ex Griseb. Showy Frasera USDA FRSP |
Apache Food, Unspecified Roots used for food. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 29 |
| Geum rivale L. Purple Avens USDA GERI2 |
Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule Drug, Antihemorrhagic Decoction of roots boiled four times and used for the spitting of blood. Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 129 |
| Geum rivale L. Purple Avens USDA GERI2 |
Iroquois Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion of roots taken for diarrhea. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 354 |
| Geum rivale L. Purple Avens USDA GERI2 |
Iroquois Drug, Febrifuge Infusion of roots taken for fevers. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 354 |
| Geum rivale L. Purple Avens USDA GERI2 |
Malecite Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion of one root used by children with diarrhea. Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 255 |
| Geum rivale L. Purple Avens USDA GERI2 |
Malecite Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of one root used by children with diarrhea. Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 255 |
| Geum rivale L. Purple Avens USDA GERI2 |
Micmac Drug, Antidiarrheal Decoction of root taken, especially by children, for dysentery. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 316 |
| Geum rivale L. Purple Avens USDA GERI2 |
Micmac Drug, Antidiarrheal Root used for diarrhea or dysentery. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 57 |
| Geum rivale L. Purple Avens USDA GERI2 |
Micmac Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of root taken, especially by children, for colds. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 316 |
| Geum rivale L. Purple Avens USDA GERI2 |
Micmac Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of root taken, especially by children, for coughs. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 316 |
| Geum rivale L. Purple Avens USDA GERI2 |
Micmac Drug, Pediatric Aid Decoction of root taken, especially by children, for dysentery, coughs and colds. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 316 |
| Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Cultivated Licorice USDA GLGL |
Cherokee Drug, Cough Medicine Used for coughs. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 43 |
| Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Cultivated Licorice USDA GLGL |
Cherokee Drug, Expectorant Used as an expectorant. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 43 |
| Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Cultivated Licorice USDA GLGL |
Cherokee Drug, Respiratory Aid Used for asthma. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 43 |
| Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Cultivated Licorice USDA GLGL |
Cherokee Drug, Throat Aid Used for hoarseness. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 43 |
| Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Cultivated Licorice USDA GLGL |
Meskwaki Drug, Gynecological Aid Compound containing root, not a native plant, used for female trouble. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 229 |
| Gutierrezia microcephala (DC.) Gray Threadleaf Snakeweed USDA GUMI |
Cahuilla Drug, Toothache Remedy Infusion of plant used as a gargle or plant placed inside the mouth for toothaches. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 75 |
| Hedeoma nana (Torr.) Briq. Falsepennyroyal USDA HENAN |
Isleta Food, Unspecified Leaves chewed for their pleasing flavor. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 30 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Cahuilla Food, Staple Dried seeds ground and mixed with flour from other seeds. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 76 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Pueblo Food, Unspecified Seeds used for food. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 30 |
| Helianthus tuberosus L. Jerusalem Artichoke USDA HETU |
Omaha Food, Unspecified Noncultivated tubers eaten raw, boiled or roasted. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 131 |