| Nolina microcarpa S. Wats. Sacahuista USDA NOMI |
Isleta Food, Bread & Cake Seeds made into a meal and used to make bread. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 22 |
| Nolina microcarpa S. Wats. Sacahuista USDA NOMI |
Isleta Food, Porridge Seeds made into a meal and used to make mush. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 22 |
| Oenothera albicaulis Pursh Whitest Eveningprimrose USDA OEAL |
Apache Food, Fruit Fruits eaten for food. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 17 |
| Oenothera coronopifolia Torr. & Gray Crownleaf Eveningprimrose USDA OECO2 |
Zuni Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Poultice of powdered flower and saliva applied at night to swellings. Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 377 |
| Oenothera elata ssp. hookeri (Torr. & Gray) W. Dietr. & W.L. Wagner Hooker's Eveningprimrose USDA OEELH2 |
Zuni Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Poultice of powdered flower and saliva applied at night to swellings. Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 377 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Cahuilla Food, Staple Roasted pods and seeds ground into flour. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 94 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Cahuilla Other, Fuel Wood used for firewood. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 94 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Cahuilla Other, Tools Wood used to make implements requiring extreme hardness: throwing sticks and clubs. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 94 |
| Opuntia acanthocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow Buckhorn Cholla USDA OPACA |
Cahuilla Drug, Burn Dressing Stem ash applied to burns. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 95 |
| Opuntia acanthocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow Buckhorn Cholla USDA OPACA |
Cahuilla Drug, Dermatological Aid Stem ash applied to cuts. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 95 |
| Opuntia acanthocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow Buckhorn Cholla USDA OPACA |
Cahuilla Food, Dried Food Fruit gathered in the spring and dried for storage. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 95 |
| Opuntia acanthocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow Buckhorn Cholla USDA OPACA |
Cahuilla Food, Fruit Fruit gathered in the spring and eaten fresh. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 95 |
| Opuntia acanthocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow Buckhorn Cholla USDA OPACA |
Cahuilla Food, Staple Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
| Opuntia basilaris Engelm. & Bigelow Beavertail Pricklypear USDA OPBAB2 |
Cahuilla Food, Dried Food Buds cooked and dried for indefinite storage. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 95 |
| Opuntia basilaris Engelm. & Bigelow Beavertail Pricklypear USDA OPBAB2 |
Cahuilla Food, Porridge Seeds ground into mush. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 95 |
| Opuntia basilaris Engelm. & Bigelow Beavertail Pricklypear USDA OPBAB2 |
Cahuilla Food, Unspecified Buds cooked and eaten. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 95 |
| Opuntia basilaris Engelm. & Bigelow Beavertail Pricklypear USDA OPBAB2 |
Cahuilla Food, Vegetable Joints boiled and mixed with other foods or eaten as greens. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 95 |
| Opuntia bigelovii Engelm. Teddybear Cholla USDA OPBI |
Cahuilla Food, Dried Food Buds cooked and dried for indefinite storage. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 96 |
| Opuntia bigelovii Engelm. Teddybear Cholla USDA OPBI |
Cahuilla Food, Staple Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
| Opuntia bigelovii Engelm. Teddybear Cholla USDA OPBI |
Cahuilla Food, Unspecified Buds cooked and eaten. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 96 |
| Opuntia californica var. parkeri (Coult.) Pinkava Brownspined Pricklypear USDA OPCAP2 |
Cahuilla Food, Staple Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
| Opuntia clavata Engelm. Club Cholla USDA OPCL |
Acoma Food, Starvation Food Joints roasted and eaten during famines. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 35 |
| Opuntia clavata Engelm. Club Cholla USDA OPCL |
Acoma Food, Starvation Food Stems and fruits roasted and eaten in times of food shortage. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 35 |
| Opuntia clavata Engelm. Club Cholla USDA OPCL |
Laguna Food, Starvation Food Joints roasted and eaten during famines. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 35 |
| Opuntia clavata Engelm. Club Cholla USDA OPCL |
Laguna Food, Starvation Food Stems and fruits roasted and eaten in times of food shortage. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 35 |
| Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
Acoma Food, Fruit Ripe tunas eaten fresh. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 35 |
| Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
Acoma Food, Porridge Tunas split, dried, ground and the meal mixed with corn meal to make a mush for winter use. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 35 |
| Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
Laguna Food, Fruit Ripe tunas eaten fresh. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 35 |
| Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
Laguna Food, Porridge Tunas split, dried, ground and the meal mixed with corn meal to make a mush for winter use. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 35 |
| Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
San Felipe Food, Fruit Ripe tunas eaten fresh. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 35 |
| Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
San Felipe Food, Porridge Seeds ground with white corn and meal eaten as mush. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 35 |
| Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
San Felipe Food, Porridge Tunas split, dried, ground and the meal mixed with corn meal to make a mush for winter use. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 35 |
| Opuntia engelmannii var. engelmannii Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
Cahuilla Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 97 |
| Opuntia engelmannii var. engelmannii Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
Cahuilla Food, Staple Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
| Opuntia engelmannii var. engelmannii Cactus Apple USDA OPENE |
Cahuilla Food, Unspecified Diced joints used for food. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 97 |
| Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) P. Mill. Tuna Cactus USDA OPFI |
Cahuilla Drug, Cathartic Boiled fruit used as a purgative. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 96 |
| Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) P. Mill. Tuna Cactus USDA OPFI |
Cahuilla Drug, Dermatological Aid Plugs made from the plant and inserted into wounds as healing agents. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 96 |
| Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) P. Mill. Tuna Cactus USDA OPFI |
Cahuilla Drug, Laxative Boiled fruit used for constipation. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 96 |
| Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) P. Mill. Tuna Cactus USDA OPFI |
Cahuilla Food, Dried Food Buds dried for future use. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 96 |
| Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) P. Mill. Tuna Cactus USDA OPFI |
Cahuilla Food, Dried Food Diced pads dried and stored for later use. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 96 |
| Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) P. Mill. Tuna Cactus USDA OPFI |
Cahuilla Food, Fruit Peeled, cool fruit eaten as a refreshing early morning meal. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 96 |
| Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) P. Mill. Tuna Cactus USDA OPFI |
Cahuilla Food, Staple Berries and stems were an important and dependable food source. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 49 |
| Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) P. Mill. Tuna Cactus USDA OPFI |
Cahuilla Food, Unspecified Buds eaten fresh. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 96 |
| Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) P. Mill. Tuna Cactus USDA OPFI |
Cahuilla Food, Unspecified Diced pads boiled and eaten. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 96 |
| Opuntia imbricata var. imbricata Tree Cholla USDA OPIMI |
Acoma Food, Dried Food Young joints split lengthwise, dried and stored for winter use. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 35 |
| Opuntia imbricata var. imbricata Tree Cholla USDA OPIMI |
Acoma Food, Unspecified Joints roasted and eaten. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 35 |
| Opuntia imbricata var. imbricata Tree Cholla USDA OPIMI |
Laguna Food, Dried Food Young joints split lengthwise, dried and stored for winter use. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 35 |
| Opuntia imbricata var. imbricata Tree Cholla USDA OPIMI |
Laguna Food, Unspecified Joints roasted and eaten. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 35 |
| Opuntia imbricata var. imbricata Tree Cholla USDA OPIMI |
Pima Food, Dried Food Fruits pit baked overnight, dried and stored. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 36 |
| Opuntia polyacantha Haw. Plains Pricklypear USDA OPPOP |
San Felipe Food, Unspecified Joints formerly roasted and eaten. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 36 |