| Leymus condensatus (J. Presl) A. L”ve Giant Wildrye USDA LECO12 |
Cahuilla Other, Ceremonial Items Stems made into painted arrows and used in ceremonial dances. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 69 |
| Leymus condensatus (J. Presl) A. L”ve Giant Wildrye USDA LECO12 |
Cahuilla Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Fire hardened stems used as the main shaft in arrowmaking. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 69 |
| Leymus condensatus (J. Presl) A. L”ve Giant Wildrye USDA LECO12 |
Luiseno Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Fire hardened stems used as the main shaft in arrowmaking. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 69 |
| Leymus condensatus (J. Presl) A. L”ve Giant Wildrye USDA LECO12 |
Paiute, Southern Food, Unspecified Species used for food. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 69 |
| Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose Barestem Biscuitroot USDA LONU2 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Cough Medicine Seeds kept in the mouth and the saliva swallowed to loosen the phlegm for hoarseness and coughs. Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 381 |
| Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose Barestem Biscuitroot USDA LONU2 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Throat Aid Seeds kept in the mouth and the saliva swallowed to loosen the phlegm for hoarseness and coughs. Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 381 |
| Lotus scoparius (Nutt.) Ottley Common Deerweed USDA LOSCS2 |
Cahuilla Fiber, Building Material Plant used as a material in house construction. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 87 |
| Lupinus affinis J.G. Agardh Fleshy Lupine USDA LUAF |
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Ceremonial Items Flowers used in wreaths for the Flower Dance performed at the Strawberry Festival in May. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 65 |
| Lupinus albifrons Benth. ex Lindl. Silver Lupine USDA LUALA2 |
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Ceremonial Items Flowers used in wreaths for the Flower Dance performed at the Strawberry Festival in May. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 65 |
| Lupinus arboreus Sims Bush Lupine USDA LUAR |
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Ceremonial Items Flowers used in wreaths for the Flower Dance performed at the Strawberry Festival in May. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 65 |
| Lupinus densiflorus Benth. Whitewhorl Lupine USDA LUDED |
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Ceremonial Items Flowers used in wreaths for the Flower Dance performed at the Strawberry Festival in May. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 65 |
| Lupinus luteolus Kellogg Pale Yellow Lupine USDA LULU2 |
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Ceremonial Items Flowers used in wreaths for the Flower Dance performed at the Strawberry Festival in May. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 65 |
| Lupinus nanus ssp. latifolius (Benth. ex Torr.) D. Dunn Sky Lupine USDA LUNAL |
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Ceremonial Items Flowers used in wreaths for the Flower Dance performed at the Strawberry Festival in May. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 65 |
| Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. Bigleaf Lupine USDA LUARA4 |
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Ceremonial Items Flowers used in wreaths for the Flower Dance performed at the Strawberry Festival in May. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 65 |
| Lupinus sp. Lupine |
Luiseno Food, Unspecified Leaves used for food. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 87 |
| Lupinus succulentus Dougl. ex K. Koch Hollowleaf Annual Lupine USDA LUSU3 |
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Ceremonial Items Flowers used in wreaths for the Flower Dance performed at the Strawberry Festival in May. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 65 |
| Lupinus versicolor Lindl. Manycolored Lupine USDA LUVE |
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Ceremonial Items Flowers used in wreaths for the Flower Dance performed at the Strawberry Festival in May. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 65 |
| Lycium andersonii Gray Anderson's Wolfberry USDA LYANA4 |
Cahuilla Food, Dried Food Dried berries boiled into mush or ground into flour and mixed with water. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 87 |
| Lycium andersonii Gray Anderson's Wolfberry USDA LYANA4 |
Cahuilla Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 87 |
| Lycium fremontii Gray Fremont's Desertthorn USDA LYFR |
Cahuilla Food, Dried Food Dried berries boiled into mush or ground into flour and mixed with water. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 87 |
| Lycium fremontii Gray Fremont's Desertthorn USDA LYFR |
Cahuilla Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 87 |
| Lycium pallidum Miers Pale Wolfberry USDA LYPAP |
Acoma Food, Sauce & Relish Berries cooked into a syrup. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 33 |
| Lycium pallidum Miers Pale Wolfberry USDA LYPAP |
Jemez Food, Fruit Ripe or cooked berries used for food. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 33 |
| Lycium pallidum Miers Pale Wolfberry USDA LYPAP |
Jemez Food, Special Food Unripe berries stewed, sweetened and eaten as a delicacy. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 33 |
| Lycium pallidum Miers Pale Wolfberry USDA LYPAP |
Laguna Food, Sauce & Relish Berries cooked into a syrup. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 33 |
| Madia sativa Molina Coast Tarweed USDA MASA |
Mendocino Indian Food, Cooking Agent Oil from seeds used for cooking. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 395 |
| Madia sativa Molina Coast Tarweed USDA MASA |
Miwok Food, Unspecified Seeds used for food. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 154 |
| Madia sativa Molina Coast Tarweed USDA MASA |
Pomo Food, Porridge Parched, pulverized seeds eaten as pinole & meal moistened to keep people from choking on dry meal. Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 15 |
| Madia sativa Molina Coast Tarweed USDA MASA |
Pomo Food, Staple Seeds used to make pinoles. Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 87 |
| Madia sativa Molina Coast Tarweed USDA MASA |
Pomo Food, Staple Seeds used to make pinoles. Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 87 |
| Madia sativa Molina Coast Tarweed USDA MASA |
Pomo Food, Winter Use Food Raw seeds stored for later use, parched and pounded when used for food. Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 15 |
| Madia sativa Molina Coast Tarweed USDA MASA |
Pomo, Kashaya Food, Staple Seeds used to make pinole. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 111 |
| Mahonia haematocarpa (Woot.) Fedde Red Barberry USDA MAHA4 |
Apache Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 19 |
| Mahonia haematocarpa (Woot.) Fedde Red Barberry USDA MAHA4 |
Pueblo Food, Preserves Berries used to make jelly. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 19 |
| Mahonia haematocarpa (Woot.) Fedde Red Barberry USDA MAHA4 |
Spanish American Food, Preserves Berries used to make jelly. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 19 |
| Malus pumila P. Mill. Cultivated Apple USDA MAPU |
Cherokee Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of bark taken for gallstones and piles. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23 |
| Malus pumila P. Mill. Cultivated Apple USDA MAPU |
Cherokee Drug, Hemorrhoid Remedy Infusion of bark taken for gallstones and 'piles.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23 |
| Malus pumila P. Mill. Cultivated Apple USDA MAPU |
Cherokee Drug, Pulmonary Aid Used with other ingredients to give ball players wind during the game. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23 |
| Malus pumila P. Mill. Cultivated Apple USDA MAPU |
Cherokee Drug, Throat Aid Decoction of inner bark taken to loosen phlegm for hoarseness. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 29 |
| Malus pumila P. Mill. Cultivated Apple USDA MAPU |
Cherokee Drug, Throat Aid Infusion of inner bark used for lost voice and used as an ingredient in drink for dry throat. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23 |
| Malus pumila P. Mill. Cultivated Apple USDA MAPU |
Cherokee Dye, Yellow Bark used to make a yellow dye. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 23 |
| Malus pumila P. Mill. Cultivated Apple USDA MAPU |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 270 |
| Malus pumila P. Mill. Cultivated Apple USDA MAPU |
Hopi Food, Unspecified Species used for food. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 79 |
| Malus pumila P. Mill. Cultivated Apple USDA MAPU |
Iroquois Drug, Ear Medicine Decoction of bark used as drops for earaches. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 350 |
| Malus pumila P. Mill. Cultivated Apple USDA MAPU |
Iroquois Drug, Eye Medicine Compound infusion of bark and leaves used as drops for blindness. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 350 |
| Malus pumila P. Mill. Cultivated Apple USDA MAPU |
Iroquois Drug, Eye Medicine Compound poultice of bark and fruit peelings used for black eyes. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 350 |
| Malus pumila P. Mill. Cultivated Apple USDA MAPU |
Iroquois Drug, Orthopedic Aid Compound poultice of bark and fruit peelings used for bruises. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 350 |
| Malus pumila P. Mill. Cultivated Apple USDA MAPU |
Iroquois Food, Bread & Cake Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 129 |
| Malus pumila P. Mill. Cultivated Apple USDA MAPU |
Iroquois Food, Dried Food Raw or cooked fruit sun or fire dried and stored for future use. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 129 |
| Malus pumila P. Mill. Cultivated Apple USDA MAPU |
Iroquois Food, Fruit Dried fruit taken as a hunting food. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 129 |