| Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe Fireberry Hawthorn USDA CRCH |
Blackfoot Drug, Laxative Decoction of dried berries taken during the winter as a mild laxative. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 66 |
| Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe Fireberry Hawthorn USDA CRCH |
Blackfoot Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Certain conditions had to be met before the berries were eaten. Otherwise, they would cause stomach cramps. The procedure was to offer the tree a gift, for boys a little bow and arrow made from the thorns, for girls a pair of miniature moccasins fashioned from the leaves. In return, the tree would not allow its berries to 'bite' the stomach. The gifts were placed on the tree and the berries collected. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 102 |
| Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe Fireberry Hawthorn USDA CRCH |
Lakota Food, Fruit Fruits eaten for food. Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 56 |
| Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe Fireberry Hawthorn USDA CRCH |
Ojibwa Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236 |
| Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe Fireberry Hawthorn USDA CRCH |
Ojibwa, South Drug, Antidiarrheal Compound decoction of root taken for diarrhea. Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 200 |
| Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe Fireberry Hawthorn USDA CRCH |
Omaha Food, Beverage Twigs used to make a hot, aqueous, tea like beverage. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 329 |
| Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe Fireberry Hawthorn USDA CRCH |
Omaha Food, Fruit Fruit eaten by children fresh from the hand. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326 |
| Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe Fireberry Hawthorn USDA CRCH |
Omaha Food, Fruit Fruit sometimes used for food, but mostly as a famine food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87 |
| Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe Fireberry Hawthorn USDA CRCH |
Omaha Food, Starvation Food Fruit eaten by adults in times of famine. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326 |
| Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe Fireberry Hawthorn USDA CRCH |
Omaha Food, Starvation Food Fruit sometimes used for food, but mostly as a famine food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87 |
| Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe Fireberry Hawthorn USDA CRCH |
Ponca Food, Fruit Fruit sometimes used for food, but mostly as a famine food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87 |
| Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe Fireberry Hawthorn USDA CRCH |
Ponca Food, Starvation Food Fruit sometimes used for food, but mostly as a famine food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87 |
| Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe Fireberry Hawthorn USDA CRCH |
Potawatomi Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Fruit used for stomach complaints. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 76 |
| Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe Fireberry Hawthorn USDA CRCH |
Potawatomi Food, Fruit Fruit eaten by deer, bears and sometimes the Indians. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 107 |
| Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe Fireberry Hawthorn USDA CRCH |
Winnebago Food, Fruit Fruit sometimes used for food, but mostly as a famine food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87 |
| Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe Fireberry Hawthorn USDA CRCH |
Winnebago Food, Starvation Food Fruit sometimes used for food, but mostly as a famine food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87 |
| Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl. f.) K. Koch Waxyfruit Hawthorn USDA CRPR2 |
Iroquois Food, Dried Food Raw or cooked fruit sun or fire dried and stored for future use. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
| Crataegus submollis Sarg. Quebec Hawthorn USDA CRSU2 |
Iroquois Food, Dried Food Raw or cooked fruit sun or fire dried and stored for future use. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
| Croton texensis (Klotzsch) Muell.-Arg. Texas Croton USDA CRTET |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Incense & Fragrance Used on large fire to smoke clothes and remove skunk smell. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 35 |
| Cucurbita maxima Duchesne Winter Squash USDA CUMA3 |
Papago Food, Fruit Fruit grown for food. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 101 |
| Cucurbita maxima Duchesne Winter Squash USDA CUMA3 |
Pima Food, Fruit Fruit grown for food. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 101 |
| Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir. Crookneck Squash USDA CUMO |
Papago Food, Fruit Fruit grown for food. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 101 |
| Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir. Crookneck Squash USDA CUMO |
Pima Food, Fruit Fruit grown for food. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 101 |
| Cucurbita pepo L. Field Pumpkin USDA CUPEP |
Papago Food, Fruit Fruit grown for food. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 101 |
| Cucurbita pepo L. Field Pumpkin USDA CUPEP |
Pima Food, Fruit Fruit grown for food. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 101 |
| Dalea formosa Torr. Featherplume USDA DAFO |
Keres, Western Other, Fuel Plant used for firewood. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 57 |
| Dasiphora floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz Shrubby Cinquefoil USDA DAFL3 |
Blackfoot Other, Fuel Dry, flaky bark used as tinder when starting a fire with twirling sticks. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 39 |
| Dasiphora floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz Shrubby Cinquefoil USDA DAFL3 |
Tanana, Upper Drug, Gynecological Aid Branches placed under the mattress to lessen first menstruation & number of years of menstruation. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 8 |
| Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats. Common Sotol USDA DAWH2 |
Apache, Mescalero Other, Tools Stalks dried, split, drilled to make small holes and used as fire drill hearths. Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 41 |
| Datura wrightii Regel Sacred Thornapple USDA DAWR2 |
Zuni Other, Ceremonial Items Wood used as a favorite firewood, but more importantly in ceremonies. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 93 |
| Descurainia pinnata ssp. pinnata Western Tansymustard USDA DEPIP3 |
Papago Food, Unspecified Seeds used for food. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 62 |
| Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum Congested Snakelily USDA DICAC5 |
Papago Food, Unspecified Bulbs eaten raw in early spring before other foods available. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 60 |
| Dudleya pulverulenta (Nutt.) Britt. & Rose Chalk Liveforever USDA DUPUP |
Diegueno Drug, Dermatological Aid Fleshy leaves used to remove corns and calluses. Three descriptions of its use, essentially the same but differing in detail, were given by the three consultants. (1) Prick the leaf all over with a pin or needle, put it on the stove and bake it on one side, then the other. Place the leaf over the corn or callus and leave it there to remove the growth. (2) Heat the leaf over the fire, peel the skin off one side, place the leaf over the corn or callus -- peeled side down -- and leave it there to remove the corn or callus. (3) Cook the leaf over a flame, peel one side and prick the peeled side with a needle and bind the leaf over the corn or callus to remove it. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 19 |
| Echinocactus sp. Barrel Cactus |
Havasupai Other, Jewelry Red spines fire warmed and bent into finger rings. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 232 |
| Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb. Silverberry USDA ELCO |
Thompson Other, Ceremonial Items Bark made into a headband and worn by the man chosen to sing when newborn twins first cried. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 508 |
| Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes Canada Spikesedge USDA ELGE |
Seminole Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Plant used for fire sickness: fever and body aches. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 203 |
| Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes Canada Spikesedge USDA ELGE |
Seminole Drug, Febrifuge Plant used for fire sickness: fever and body aches. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 203 |
| Encelia farinosa Gray ex Torr. Goldenhills USDA ENFAF |
Pima Other, Fuel Resinous branches used to make quick fires. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 102 |
| Ephedra californica S. Wats. California Jointfir USDA EPCA2 |
Diegueno Drug, Blood Medicine Infusion of branches taken to purify the blood. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 19 |
| Ephedra californica S. Wats. California Jointfir USDA EPCA2 |
Diegueno Drug, Dietary Aid Infusion of branches taken to improve the appetite. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 19 |
| Ephedra californica S. Wats. California Jointfir USDA EPCA2 |
Diegueno Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of plant taken for stomachaches caused by eating too much food or eating bad food. Hinton, Leanne, 1975, Notes on La Huerta Diegueno Ethnobotany, Journal of California Anthropology 2:214-222, page 216 |
| Ephedra californica S. Wats. California Jointfir USDA EPCA2 |
Diegueno Drug, Kidney Aid Infusion of branches taken for the kidneys. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 19 |
| Ephedra californica S. Wats. California Jointfir USDA EPCA2 |
Kawaiisu Food, Beverage Stems used to make tea. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 27 |
| Ephedra californica S. Wats. California Jointfir USDA EPCA2 |
Kawaiisu Food, Unspecified Seeds formerly used for food. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 27 |
| Ephedra californica S. Wats. California Jointfir USDA EPCA2 |
Kawaiisu Other, Tools Wood provided the best charcoal for tattooing. The charcoal was mashed, a little water added and a design made with it on the skin. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 27 |
| Ephedra fasciculata A. Nels. Arizona Jointfir USDA EPFA |
Havasupai Food, Beverage Upper portions of plant boiled into tea. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 207 |
| Ephedra fasciculata A. Nels. Arizona Jointfir USDA EPFA |
Pima Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of dried, powdered roots applied to sores. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 76 |
| Ephedra fasciculata A. Nels. Arizona Jointfir USDA EPFA |
Pima Drug, Venereal Aid Poultice of dried, powdered roots applied for syphilis. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 76 |
| Ephedra fasciculata A. Nels. Arizona Jointfir USDA EPFA |
Pima Food, Beverage Ends of branches boiled and made into a beverage. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 76 |
| Ephedra fasciculata A. Nels. Arizona Jointfir USDA EPFA |
Pima, Lehi Food, Beverage Roots used as a tea. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 76 |