| Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium Fireweed USDA CHANA2 |
Skokomish Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Infusion of roots taken for tuberculosis. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 41 |
| Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium Fireweed USDA CHANA2 |
Skokomish Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Cotton combined with duck feathers and used as blankets. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 41 |
| Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium Fireweed USDA CHANA2 |
Snohomish Drug, Throat Aid Infusion of roots taken for sore throats. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 41 |
| Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium Fireweed USDA CHANA2 |
Swinomish Drug, Other Decoction of whole plants used as a bath for invalids. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 41 |
| Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium Fireweed USDA CHANA2 |
Swinomish Drug, Poison Infusion of plant considered poisonous. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 41 |
| Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium Fireweed USDA CHANA2 |
Tanana, Upper Food, Fodder Shoots cooked with fish for dog feed. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 16 |
| Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium Fireweed USDA CHANA2 |
Tanana, Upper Food, Preservative Used for smoking fish and as a mosquito repellent. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 16 |
| Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium Fireweed USDA CHANA2 |
Tanana, Upper Food, Unspecified Shoots eaten raw or boiled. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 16 |
| Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium Fireweed USDA CHANA2 |
Tanana, Upper Other, Insecticide Used for smoking fish and as a mosquito repellent. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 16 |
| Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium Fireweed USDA CHANA2 |
Tanana, Upper Other, Tools Stem used to draw the pus out of a boil or cut. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 16 |
| Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium Fireweed USDA CHANA2 |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of plant used as a wash for sores. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 235 |
| Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium Fireweed USDA CHANA2 |
Thompson Food, Fodder Stalks used for pigfeed. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 235 |
| Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium Fireweed USDA CHANA2 |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Stalks eaten raw like celery, boiled or steamed. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 235 |
| Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium Fireweed USDA CHANA2 |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Young shoots eaten raw. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38 |
| Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium Fireweed USDA CHANA2 |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Young shoots peeled and eaten. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 235 |
| Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium Fireweed USDA CHANA2 |
Thompson Other, Containers Leaves put in cooking pits by oldtimers, to protect the food while cooking. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 235 |
| Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium Fireweed USDA CHANA2 |
Thompson Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Plant blooms indicated that the deer would be fat. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 235 |
| Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium Fireweed USDA CHANA2 |
Wet'suwet'en Food, Unspecified Shoots and stems used for food in summer. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 154 |
| Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz Fireweed USDA CHANC |
Haisla Fiber, Cordage Stem fibers possibly used to make cordage. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 106 |
| Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz Fireweed USDA CHANC |
Haisla Other, Cleaning Agent Leaves used to wipe hands, especially after handling slimy fish. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 257 |
| Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz Fireweed USDA CHANC |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Fiber, Cordage Plant used to make twine, cordage and binding. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 257 |
| Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz Fireweed USDA CHANC |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food, Unspecified Young shoots used for food. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 257 |
| Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz Fireweed USDA CHANC |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Plant used to make oolichan nets. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 257 |
| Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz Fireweed USDA CHANC |
Hanaksiala Fiber, Cordage Stem fibers possibly used to make cordage. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 106 |
| Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz Fireweed USDA CHANC |
Heiltzuk Fiber, Cordage Stem fibers possibly used to make cordage. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 106 |
| Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz Fireweed USDA CHANC |
Oweekeno Fiber, Cordage Stem fibers possibly used to make cordage. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 106 |
| Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz Fireweed USDA CHANC |
Oweekeno Food, Unspecified Young shoots eaten as a spring food. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 106 |
| Chamerion latifolium (L.) Holub Dwarf Fireweed USDA CHLA13 |
Alaska Native Food, Vegetable Young, tender greens, properly prepared, used as a good source of vitamin C and pro-vitamin A. Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 33 |
| Chamerion latifolium (L.) Holub Dwarf Fireweed USDA CHLA13 |
Eskimo, Arctic Food, Vegetable Flowers eaten raw as a salad. Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 25 |
| Chamerion latifolium (L.) Holub Dwarf Fireweed USDA CHLA13 |
Eskimo, Arctic Food, Vegetable Leaves cooked and eaten. Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 25 |
| Chamerion latifolium (L.) Holub Dwarf Fireweed USDA CHLA13 |
Eskimo, Greenland Food, Vegetable Flowers and leaves eaten raw with seal blubber. Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 25 |
| Chamerion latifolium (L.) Holub Dwarf Fireweed USDA CHLA13 |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Food, Unspecified Young shoots used for food. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 192 |
| Chamerion latifolium (L.) Holub Dwarf Fireweed USDA CHLA13 |
Eskimo, Inupiat Drug, Dermatological Aid Leaves, rich in vitamin A and C, eaten for healthy, beautiful skin. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 26 |
| Chamerion latifolium (L.) Holub Dwarf Fireweed USDA CHLA13 |
Eskimo, Inupiat Drug, Eye Medicine Leaves, rich in vitamin A and C, eaten for healthy, beautiful eyes. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 26 |
| Chamerion latifolium (L.) Holub Dwarf Fireweed USDA CHLA13 |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Unspecified Leaves preserved in seal oil and eaten within 48 hours with walrus blubber. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 26 |
| Chenopodium murale L. Nettleleaf Goosefoot USDA CHMU2 |
Papago Food, Unspecified Seeds used for food. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 62 |
| Chenopodium sp. Goosefoot |
Papago Food, Vegetable Greens used for food. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 61 |
| Cicer arietinum L. Chick Pea USDA CIAR5 |
Papago Food, Unspecified Species used for food. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 120 |
| Cicer arietinum L. Chick Pea USDA CIAR5 |
Pima Food, Unspecified Species used for food. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 120 |
| Claytonia parviflora Dougl. ex Hook. Streambank Springbeauty USDA CLPAP |
Karok Other, Toys & Games Shoot used to play a game. The stem was stripped of it's outer layers leaving only the terminal leaf or inflorescence hanging loosely on a flexible strand. Opponents held firmly to the base of the strand and attempted to hook the opponents leaf or inflorescence. After engaging, the opponents pulled and the opponent who retained his leaf or inflorescence won. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 24 |
| Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd. Miner's Lettuce USDA CLPEP |
Yurok Other, Toys & Games Shoot used to play a game. The stem was stripped of it's outer layers leaving only the terminal leaf or inflorescence hanging loosely on a flexible strand. Opponents held firmly to the base of the strand and attempted to hook the opponents leaf or inflorescence. After engaging, the opponents pulled and the opponent who retained his leaf or inflorescence won. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 25 |
| Cleome multicaulis DC. Slender Spiderflower USDA CLMU |
Navajo Other, Tools Stalks used as a drill to start fires. The brittle stalks, about an inch in diameter were used for the drills which were whirled between the palms of the hands and were made to revolve on the edge of a larger stalk into which a notch had been cut. A pinch of sand was sometimes placed under the point of the drill which caused the wood to become a fine powder. This powder then ran down the notch and formed a little pile on the ground. Smoke was produced in less than a minute and in about two minutes tiny sparks dropped onto the pile of dry powder which took fire from them. By carefully feeding the fire with bits of dried bark and grass and with much blowing, a blaze was produced. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 51 |
| Cleome serrulata Pursh Rocky Mountain Beeplant USDA CLSE |
Zuni Other, Decorations Whole plant except for the root used in pottery decorations. The whole plant except for the root was boiled for a considerable amount of time and the water was allowed to evaporate. The firm paste secured from precipitation was used in conjunction with a black mineral paint for decorating pottery. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 82 |
| Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult. Sweet Fern USDA COPE80 |
Potawatomi Other, Insecticide Leaves thrown onto the fire to make a smudge and keep away mosquitoes. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 121 |
| Conocarpus erectus L. Button Mangrove USDA COER2 |
Seminole Other, Fuel Wood used for barbecue firewood. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 468 |
| Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray Pacific Dogwood USDA CONU4 |
Karok Drug, Herbal Steam Boughs used in the fire of the sweathouse. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 387 |
| Cornus nuttallii Audubon ex Torr. & Gray Pacific Dogwood USDA CONU4 |
Thompson Dye, Black Bark & fir bark boiled into a black dye & used to dye bitter cherry bark for imbricating baskets. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204 |
| Cornus sericea L. Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Thompson Drug, Pediatric Aid Decoction of plant, squaw currant branches and fir or tamarack used as a baby bath. The decoction was used to bathe four to six month old babies four to six times over a period of several weeks. It was said to make the baby strong, bright and good natured. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204 |
| Cornus sericea L. Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Thompson Drug, Strengthener Decoction of plant, squaw currant branches and fir or tamarack used as a baby bath. The decoction was used to bathe four to six month old babies four to six times over a period of several weeks. It was said to make the baby strong, bright and good natured. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204 |
| Costaria costata (Turner) Saunders Short Kelp |
Hesquiat Food, Dried Food Stipes and fronds with attached herring eggs dried for later use. These strong, tough seaweeds grow in the subtidal and intertidal zones. Sometimes, herring spawn on the stipes and fronds of these short kelps, and then the plants are gathered and dipped briefly in hot water or dried for later use. The spawn is taken off the longer types and the alga discarded, or, in the case of the broad, leafy types, the alga is eaten along with the eggs. If the kelps with spawn are dried first, they are simply soaked in water before being eaten. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 24 |