| Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats. Nevada Jointfir USDA EPNE |
Apache, White Mountain Drug, Venereal Aid Infusion of stems and leaves taken for gonorrhea or first stages of syphilis. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 157 |
| Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats. Nevada Jointfir USDA EPNE |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Beverage Stems used to make tea. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 157 |
| Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats. Nevada Jointfir USDA EPNE |
Cahuilla Drug, Blood Medicine Decoction of fresh or dried twigs used to purify the blood. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 70 |
| Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats. Nevada Jointfir USDA EPNE |
Cahuilla Drug, Other Decoction of fresh or dried twigs used to 'clear the system.' Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 70 |
| Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats. Nevada Jointfir USDA EPNE |
Cahuilla Food, Beverage Fresh or dried twigs boiled to make tea. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 70 |
| Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats. Nevada Jointfir USDA EPNE |
Coahuilla Drug, Unspecified Plant used for unspecified medicinal purposes. Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 73, 74 |
| Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats. Nevada Jointfir USDA EPNE |
Coahuilla Food, Beverage Used to make a pleasant and refreshing beverage. Barrows, David Prescott, 1967, The Ethno-Botany of the Coahuilla Indians of Southern California, Banning CA. Malki Museum Press. Originally Published 1900, page 73 |
| Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats. Nevada Jointfir USDA EPNE |
Havasupai Food, Beverage Upper portions of plant boiled into tea. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 207 |
| Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats. Nevada Jointfir USDA EPNE |
Kawaiisu Food, Beverage Stems used to make tea. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 27 |
| Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats. Nevada Jointfir USDA EPNE |
Kawaiisu Food, Unspecified Seeds formerly used for food. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 27 |
| Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats. Nevada Jointfir USDA EPNE |
Kawaiisu Other, Tools Wood provided the best charcoal for tattooing. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 27 |
| Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats. Nevada Jointfir USDA EPNE |
Navajo Drug, Kidney Aid Infusion of stems and leaves taken for kidney troubles. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 157 |
| Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats. Nevada Jointfir USDA EPNE |
Navajo Drug, Venereal Aid Infusion of stems and leaves taken for venereal troubles. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 157 |
| Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats. Nevada Jointfir USDA EPNE |
Paiute Drug, Adjuvant Twigs used in medicines 'to lessen disagreeable flavors.' Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 68 |
| Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats. Nevada Jointfir USDA EPNE |
Paiute Drug, Burn Dressing Compound decoction of plant used as a salve for burns. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 68 |
| Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats. Nevada Jointfir USDA EPNE |
Paiute Drug, Venereal Aid Decoction of twigs and branches taken for venereal diseases. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 68 |
| Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats. Nevada Jointfir USDA EPNE |
Papago Food, Beverage Seeds steeped and used as tea-like drinks for refreshment. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 27 |
| Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats. Nevada Jointfir USDA EPNE |
Shoshoni Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of powdered twigs and branches applied to sores. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 68 |
| Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats. Nevada Jointfir USDA EPNE |
Shoshoni Drug, Diuretic Decoction of twigs and branches taken to stimulate urination. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 68 |
| Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats. Nevada Jointfir USDA EPNE |
Shoshoni Drug, Venereal Aid Decoction of twigs and branches taken for venereal diseases. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 68 |
| Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats. Nevada Jointfir USDA EPNE |
Zuni Drug, Venereal Aid Infusion of stems and leaves taken for venereal troubles. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 157 |
| Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats. Nevada Jointfir USDA EPNE |
Zuni Drug, Venereal Aid Infusion of whole plant, except root, taken for syphilis. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 49 |
| Ephedra nevadensis S. Wats. Nevada Jointfir USDA EPNE |
Zuni Food, Beverage Plant without the root occasionally used to make a hot, tea like beverage. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 67 |
| Ephedra torreyana S. Wats. Torrey's Jointfir USDA EPTOT |
Havasupai Food, Beverage Upper portions of plant boiled into tea. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 207 |
| Ephedra torreyana S. Wats. Torrey's Jointfir USDA EPTOT |
Hopi Drug, Venereal Aid Plant used for syphilis. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 35, 63 |
| Ephedra torreyana S. Wats. Torrey's Jointfir USDA EPTOT |
Isleta Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of leaves and stems used to make a lotion for itching skin. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 28 |
| Ephedra torreyana S. Wats. Torrey's Jointfir USDA EPTOT |
Keres, Western Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of stems used as a cough medicine. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 42 |
| Ephedra torreyana S. Wats. Torrey's Jointfir USDA EPTOT |
Keres, Western Drug, Diaphoretic Stems used as an ingredient in the sweatbath. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 42 |
| Ephedra torreyana S. Wats. Torrey's Jointfir USDA EPTOT |
Keres, Western Drug, Kidney Aid Infusion of stems taken or stems chewed for kidney trouble. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 42 |
| Ephedra torreyana S. Wats. Torrey's Jointfir USDA EPTOT |
Keres, Western Drug, Urinary Aid Infusion of stems taken or stems chewed for bladder trouble. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 42 |
| Ephedra torreyana S. Wats. Torrey's Jointfir USDA EPTOT |
Navajo Food, Beverage Branches used to make tea. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 24 |
| Ephedra torreyana S. Wats. Torrey's Jointfir USDA EPTOT |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of whole plant taken for bad cough. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 14 |
| Ephedra torreyana S. Wats. Torrey's Jointfir USDA EPTOT |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of whole plant taken for stomachache. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 14 |
| Ephedra trifurca Torr. ex S. Wats. Longleaf Jointfir USDA EPTR |
Cocopa Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of pulverized or boiled stems and leaves applied to sores. Gifford, E. W., 1933, The Cocopa, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31:263-270, page 268 |
| Ephedra trifurca Torr. ex S. Wats. Longleaf Jointfir USDA EPTR |
Navajo Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of dried plants taken for stomach troubles. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 24 |
| Ephedra trifurca Torr. ex S. Wats. Longleaf Jointfir USDA EPTR |
Navajo Drug, Kidney Aid Infusion of dried plants taken for kidney affections. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 24 |
| Ephedra trifurca Torr. ex S. Wats. Longleaf Jointfir USDA EPTR |
Navajo Drug, Venereal Aid Infusion of dried plants taken for venereal disease. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 24 |
| Ephedra trifurca Torr. ex S. Wats. Longleaf Jointfir USDA EPTR |
Navajo Drug, Venereal Aid Wood burned for venereal disease. Wood burned with charcoal, buffalo hair, wood rat hair and bat hair in a hole in the middle of the hogan. The person with venereal disease sits over the hole and the smudge covers his exposed parts and cures him. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 24 |
| Ephedra trifurca Torr. ex S. Wats. Longleaf Jointfir USDA EPTR |
Pima Drug, Dermatological Aid Moxa used to burn the boils caused by 'bad disease.' Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 76 |
| Ephedra trifurca Torr. ex S. Wats. Longleaf Jointfir USDA EPTR |
Pima Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of plant applied to bleeding sores caused by venereal disease. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 76 |
| Ephedra trifurca Torr. ex S. Wats. Longleaf Jointfir USDA EPTR |
Pima Drug, Other Plant used as antileuretic. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 76 |
| Ephedra trifurca Torr. ex S. Wats. Longleaf Jointfir USDA EPTR |
Pima Drug, Venereal Aid Poultice of plant applied to bleeding sores caused by venereal disease. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 76 |
| Equisetum hyemale L. Scouringrush Horsetail USDA EQHYA |
Karok Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Plant used in ceremonial cleansing for the priests in First Salmon ceremony. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 378 |
| Equisetum sp. Mare's Tail |
Koyukon Other, Fuel Blades used to produce smoke in smudge fires. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 56 |
| Erigeron eximius Greene Sprucefir Fleabane USDA EREX4 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Cold infusion of plant taken and used ceremonially as a lotion for various ills. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 51 |
| Erigeron eximius Greene Sprucefir Fleabane USDA EREX4 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Cough Medicine Cold infusion of plant taken and used as a lotion for cough. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 51 |
| Erigeron eximius Greene Sprucefir Fleabane USDA EREX4 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Febrifuge Cold infusion of plant taken and used as a lotion for fever. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 51 |
| Erigeron eximius Greene Sprucefir Fleabane USDA EREX4 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Hunting Medicine Infusion of plant used internally and externally for protection in warfare or hunting. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 51 |
| Erigeron eximius Greene Sprucefir Fleabane USDA EREX4 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Cold infusion of plant taken and used as a lotion for influenza. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 51 |
| Erigeron eximius Greene Sprucefir Fleabane USDA EREX4 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Witchcraft Medicine Cold infusion of plant taken and used as a lotion for protection from witches. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 51 |