| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Salish, Coast Fiber, Caulking Material Pitch used to patch canoes or water vessels. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Salish, Coast Other, Fuel Bark used as a top quality fuel. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Salish, Coast Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Knots steamed, placed in hollow kelp stems overnight and bent to make halibut and cod hooks. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Shuswap Food, Sweetener Sap used as a sugar like food. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 52 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Tewa Other, Ceremonial Items Branches used in almost all dances. Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 42 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Tewa Other, Ceremonial Items Twig used as part of the headdress worn in dances. Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 42 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Tewa of Hano Other, Ceremonial Items Branches and twigs used in almost all the winter dances. Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 42 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Thompson Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Heated branches or moxa of bough tips and needles used for rheumatism. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 475 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Thompson Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Moxa of ashes or ash and fat salve used for rheumatism. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Thompson Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of plant top used for colds. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of pitch used for cuts, boils and other skin ailments. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Shoots used in the tips of moccasins to keep the feet from perspiring and to prevent athletes foot. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Twig ashes mixed with grease and used as a general ointment or salve. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 475 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Thompson Drug, Disinfectant Decoction of branches and twigs used as a purifying body wash in sweathouse. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 505 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Thompson Drug, Diuretic Decoction of twigs taken as a diuretic. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 475 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Thompson Drug, Kidney Aid Decoction of twigs or shoots taken as a kidney remedy. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Thompson Drug, Oral Aid Peeled plant tops chewed, especially by young people at puberty, as a mouth freshener. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Thompson Drug, Orthopedic Aid Poultice of pitch used for injured or dislocated bones. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Thompson Drug, Tonic Decoction of young twigs and leaves used for the tonic properties. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 494 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Thompson Drug, Urinary Aid Decoction of twigs or shoots taken as a bladder remedy. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Thompson Fiber, Building Material Logs considered important for construction. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Thompson Fiber, Building Material Young, second growth boughs used to make early summer lodges. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Thompson Fiber, Caulking Material Pitch used for caulking canoes. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Thompson Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Boughs used as floor coverings for lodges and sweathouses. The boughs were generally mixed with juniper and sagebrush branches for the sweat house floor coverings. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Thompson Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Boughs used in the sweat lodge as a mat for scrubbing the skin. The scrubbing mats prevented them from having body odor and made them feel fresh and clean. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Thompson Fiber, Snow Gear Wood from young trees used to make snowshoe frames. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Thompson Food, Sweetener Wild sugar gathered and eaten whenever possible. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Thompson Other, Ceremonial Items Boughs used for scrubbing and purification by girls at puberty. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Thompson Other, Cooking Tools Dry wood broken & placed in a thick layer above & below the food in the cooking pit & used as fuel. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Thompson Other, Cooking Tools Peeled twig bundles used as whippers for soapberries. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Thompson Other, Fuel Rotten wood used as fuel for smoking hides. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Thompson Other, Good Luck Charm Boughs used as scrubbers by boys and girls at puberty because it would bring good luck. The branches were boiled for good luck and good health, either to drink or used as a wash. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Thompson Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Boughs used by hunters to scrub themselves before hunting so that the deer could not smell them. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Thompson Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Young saplings used to make dipnet hoops and handles. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Yuki Food, Substitution Food Fresh leaves used as a substitute for coffee. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 309 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Yurok Food, Beverage Young sprouts used to make tea. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Yurok Food, Candy Young sprouts used to chew. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco Rocky Mountain Douglas Fir USDA PSMEG |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Blood Medicine Decoction of first year growth shoots taken as an emetic for anemia. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 34 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco Rocky Mountain Douglas Fir USDA PSMEG |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of bark used for allergies caused by touching water hemlock. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 34 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco Rocky Mountain Douglas Fir USDA PSMEG |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion of boughs with other plants taken and used to wash the skin and hair during sweatbaths. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 34 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco Rocky Mountain Douglas Fir USDA PSMEG |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Emetic Decoction of first year growth shoots taken as an emetic for high fevers and anemia. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 34 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco Rocky Mountain Douglas Fir USDA PSMEG |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Febrifuge Decoction of first year growth shoots taken as an emetic for high fevers. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 34 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco Rocky Mountain Douglas Fir USDA PSMEG |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Building Material Boughs used to cover the floor of the sweathouse. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 34 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco Rocky Mountain Douglas Fir USDA PSMEG |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Building Material Wood used to make teepee poles and spear shafts. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 34 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco Rocky Mountain Douglas Fir USDA PSMEG |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Unspecified White, crystalline sugar exuded from branches and eaten alone or with balsamroot seeds. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 34 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco Rocky Mountain Douglas Fir USDA PSMEG |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Winter Use Food White, crystalline sugar exuded from branches and stored for future use. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 34 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco Rocky Mountain Douglas Fir USDA PSMEG |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Ceremonial Items Boughs used by bereaved persons to scrub themselves as a purification ritual. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 34 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco Rocky Mountain Douglas Fir USDA PSMEG |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Containers Boughs used under a freshly killed deer while butchering it. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 34 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco Rocky Mountain Douglas Fir USDA PSMEG |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make teepee poles and spear shafts. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 34 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco Rocky Mountain Douglas Fir USDA PSMEG |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Season Indicator Pollen shedding cones used as an indication that ponderosa pine cambium was ripe. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 34 |