| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco Rocky Mountain Douglas Fir USDA PSMEG |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Soap Boughs used to scrub the body during a sweatbath to impart a nice smell and make the skin clean. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 34 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Candy Pitch used as gum. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Bella Coola Drug, Analgesic Gum mixed with dogfish oil and taken as emetic and purgative for intestinal pains. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Bella Coola Drug, Antidiarrheal Gum mixed with dogfish oil and taken as emetic and purgative for diarrhea. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Bella Coola Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Gum mixed with dogfish oil and taken as emetic and purgative for rheumatism. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Bella Coola Drug, Cathartic Gum and dogfish oil taken as a purgative for many ailments. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Bella Coola Drug, Cold Remedy Gum mixed with dogfish oil and taken as emetic and purgative for colds. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Bella Coola Drug, Diuretic Decoction of gum taken warm as a diuretic for gonorrhea. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Bella Coola Drug, Emetic Gum and dogfish oil taken as an emetic for many ailments. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Bella Coola Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Gum mixed with dogfish oil and taken as emetic and purgative for intestinal pains. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Bella Coola Drug, Laxative Gum mixed with dogfish oil and taken as emetic and purgative for constipation. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Bella Coola Drug, Venereal Aid Decoction of gum taken warm as a diuretic for gonorrhea. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Bella Coola Drug, Venereal Aid Gum mixed with dogfish oil and taken as emetic and purgative for gonorrhea. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Chehalis Other, Fuel Bark used for firewood. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Chehalis Other, Good Luck Charm Warmed cones used as charms to stop the rain. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Chehalis Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Used to make salmon spears and harpoons. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Cowlitz Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of plant taken as a cold medicine. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Cowlitz Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of pitch applied to sores. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Cowlitz Food, Candy Pitch chewed as a gum. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Cowlitz Other, Fuel Bark used for firewood. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Cowlitz Other, Good Luck Charm Cones placed near the fire and used as charms to bring sunshine. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Cowlitz Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Used to make salmon spears and harpoons. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Green River Group Other, Fuel Bark used for firewood. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Green River Group Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Used to make salmon spears and harpoons. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Hoh Fiber, Building Material Formerly used to make shakes and clapboards for houses. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 58 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Hopi Other, Ceremonial Items Plant used for the Ni-man and Po-wa-me ceremony. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 353 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Karok Drug, Disinfectant Boughs used as an antiseptic. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Karok Drug, Herbal Steam Plant used as sweathouse fuel. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Karok Fiber, Building Material Wood used to make planks. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Karok Food, Spice Boughs used as 'seasoning' for barbecued elk or deer meat. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Karok Other, Decorations Soot from burned pitch rubbed into the punctures made in tattooing a girl's chin. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Karok Other, Good Luck Charm Boughs considered 'good luck.' Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Karok Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Boughs used in fire to pass the bow & arrow through, to prevent the deer from smelling the hunter. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Karok Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make the salmon harpoon shaft and dip net poles. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Karok Other, Tools Wood used to make the hook for climbing sugar pine trees. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 379 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Klallam Food, Candy Pitch chewed as a gum. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Klallam Other, Fuel Bark used for firewood. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Klallam Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Used to make salmon spears and harpoons. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Lummi Other, Fuel Bark used for firewood. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Lummi Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Used to make salmon spears and harpoons. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Maidu Fiber, Basketry Twigs used as coarse twine warp in the manufacture of baskets. Swartz, Jr., B. K., 1958, A Study of Material Aspects of Northeastern Maidu Basketry, Kroeber Anthropological Society Publications 19:67-84, page 71 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Navajo Other, Ceremonial Items Branches used in the Shooting Chant. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 23 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Analgesic Plant used for headaches. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 15 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Disinfectant Plant used for fumigation. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 15 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Plant used for stomach disease. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 15 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Needles used as a ceremonial emetic. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 14 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Emetic Needles used as a ceremonial emetic. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 14 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Ceremonial Items Branches attached to masks and carried in hands by god impersonators in Nightway. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 14 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Ceremonial Items Branches used to make Holyway big hoop. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 14 |
| Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir USDA PSMEM |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Ceremonial Items Used to make bow and chant arrow for overshooting ceremony of Evilway. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 14 |