| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Shoshoni Drug, Cathartic Weak decoction of leaves taken as a physic. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Shoshoni Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of leaves used as a healing wash for hives or other skin irritations. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Shoshoni Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of chewed leaves applied to cuts. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Shoshoni Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of crushed leaf applied to reduce swellings. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Shoshoni Drug, Emetic Weak decoction of leaves taken as an emetic. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Shoshoni Drug, Toothache Remedy Poultice of crushed leaves applied to gum for toothache. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Shoshoni Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Compound of dried leaves smoked for tuberculosis. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 106107 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Shoshoni Other, Cash Crop Leaves pulverized and made into large cakes and sold. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 446 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Shuswap Drug, Urinary Aid Plant used for the bladder. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 69 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Shuswap Other, Smoke Plant Mixed with kinnikinnick and red willow and smoked at ceremonies. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 69 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Tewa Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Dried leaves and other plant parts smoked ceremonially. Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 103104 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Tewa Drug, Cough Medicine Poultice of leaves mixed with oil and soot applied to neck and chest for cough. Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 106 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Tewa Drug, Gynecological Aid Snuff containing leaves used by women in labor. Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 106 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Tewa Drug, Nose Medicine Snuff of leaves used for 'a discharge from the nose.' Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 103104 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Tewa Drug, Toothache Remedy Leaves placed on or in a tooth for toothache. Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 106 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Tewa Other, Smoke Plant Dried leaves and other plant parts smoked in pipes and cigarettes. Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 103104 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of plant used as a wash to remove dandruff and prevent falling hair. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 467468 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Thompson Other, Smoke Plant Dried, toasted leaves considered the most important source of tobacco. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 495 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Thompson Other, Smoke Plant Leaves dried, greased, mixed with leaves of other plants and smoked. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Yavapai Other, Smoke Plant Dried stems and leaves used for smoking. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 263 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Zuni Drug, Snake Bite Remedy Smoke blown over body for throbbing from rattlesnake bite. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 54 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Zuni Other, Ceremonial Items Leaves smoked ceremonially. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 95 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Zuni Other, Smoke Plant Leaves smoked ceremonially. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 95 |
| Nicotiana clevelandii Gray Cleveland's Tobacco USDA NICL |
Cahuilla Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of leaves applied to cuts, bruises, swellings and other wounds. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
| Nicotiana clevelandii Gray Cleveland's Tobacco USDA NICL |
Cahuilla Drug, Ear Medicine Leaf smoke blown into the ear and covered with a warm pad for earaches. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
| Nicotiana clevelandii Gray Cleveland's Tobacco USDA NICL |
Cahuilla Drug, Emetic Infusion of leaves used as an emetic. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
| Nicotiana clevelandii Gray Cleveland's Tobacco USDA NICL |
Cahuilla Drug, Hunting Medicine Leaves smoked as part of a hunting ritual. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
| Nicotiana clevelandii Gray Cleveland's Tobacco USDA NICL |
Cahuilla Food, Beverage Leaves chewed, smoked or used in a drinkable decoction. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
| Nicotiana clevelandii Gray Cleveland's Tobacco USDA NICL |
Cahuilla Other, Ceremonial Items Used as an integral part of every ritual. Before a ritual was conducted, tobacco was smoked by the ritual leaders and shamans and the smoke was blown in the sacred directions: north, east, west, south and up or center. This helped to clear the area of any malevolent force which might interfere with the ritual. Throughout ceremonies, especially those honoring the recent dead, everyone was obliged to smoke tobacco, as they are even today. At funerals, smoking served to concentrate power that would aid the dead in their arduous journey to the other world. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
| Nicotiana clevelandii Gray Cleveland's Tobacco USDA NICL |
Cahuilla Other, Ceremonial Items Used by shamans to control rain, increase crop production, divining and improve health of community. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
| Nicotiana clevelandii Gray Cleveland's Tobacco USDA NICL |
Cahuilla Other, Ceremonial Items Used by shamans, at community gatherings, to drive away malevolent powers. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
| Nicotiana clevelandii Gray Cleveland's Tobacco USDA NICL |
Cahuilla Other, Protection Leaves smoked by travelers to clear away all danger and ensure blessing from spiritual guides. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
| Nicotiana clevelandii Gray Cleveland's Tobacco USDA NICL |
Cahuilla Other, Smoke Plant Leaves chewed, smoked or used in a drinkable decoction. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
| Nicotiana glauca Graham Tree Tobacco USDA NIGL |
Cahuilla Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of leaves applied to cuts, bruises, swellings and other wounds. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
| Nicotiana glauca Graham Tree Tobacco USDA NIGL |
Cahuilla Drug, Ear Medicine Leaf smoke blown into the ear and covered with a warm pad for earaches. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
| Nicotiana glauca Graham Tree Tobacco USDA NIGL |
Cahuilla Drug, Emetic Infusion of leaves used as an emetic. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
| Nicotiana glauca Graham Tree Tobacco USDA NIGL |
Cahuilla Drug, Hunting Medicine Leaves smoked as part of a hunting ritual. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
| Nicotiana glauca Graham Tree Tobacco USDA NIGL |
Cahuilla Food, Beverage Leaves chewed, smoked or used in a drinkable decoction. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
| Nicotiana glauca Graham Tree Tobacco USDA NIGL |
Cahuilla Other, Ceremonial Items Used as an integral part of every ritual. Before a ritual was conducted, tobacco was smoked by the ritual leaders and shamans and the smoke was blown in the sacred directions: north, east, west, south and up or center. This helped to clear the area of any malevolent force which might interfere with the ritual. Throughout ceremonies, especially those honoring the recent dead, everyone was obliged to smoke tobacco, as they are even today. At funerals, smoking served to concentrate power that would aid the dead in their arduous journey to the other world. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
| Nicotiana glauca Graham Tree Tobacco USDA NIGL |
Cahuilla Other, Ceremonial Items Used by shamans to control rain, increase crop production, divining and improve health of community. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
| Nicotiana glauca Graham Tree Tobacco USDA NIGL |
Cahuilla Other, Ceremonial Items Used by shamans, at community gatherings, to drive away malevolent powers. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
| Nicotiana glauca Graham Tree Tobacco USDA NIGL |
Cahuilla Other, Protection Leaves smoked by travelers to clear away all danger and ensure blessing from spiritual guides. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
| Nicotiana glauca Graham Tree Tobacco USDA NIGL |
Cahuilla Other, Smoke Plant Leaves chewed, smoked or used in a drinkable decoction. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
| Nicotiana glauca Graham Tree Tobacco USDA NIGL |
Diegueno Other, Smoke Plant Leaves used for smoking. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 27 |
| Nicotiana glauca Graham Tree Tobacco USDA NIGL |
Hawaiian Drug, Dermatological Aid Plant used for removing the pus from scrofulous sores or boils. Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 73 |
| Nicotiana glauca Graham Tree Tobacco USDA NIGL |
Hawaiian Drug, Dermatological Aid Plant used for sores and the smoke used for cuts. Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 73 |
| Nicotiana glauca Graham Tree Tobacco USDA NIGL |
Hawaiian Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Plant used for removing the pus from scrofulous sores. Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 73 |
| Nicotiana glauca Graham Tree Tobacco USDA NIGL |
Mahuna Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Infusion of leaves used as a steambath for rheumatism. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 60 |
| Nicotiana glauca Graham Tree Tobacco USDA NIGL |
Mahuna Drug, Throat Aid Poultice of leaves applied to inflamed throat glands. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 60 |
| Nicotiana glauca Graham Tree Tobacco USDA NIGL |
Mahuna Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Poultice of leaves applied for scrofula. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 60 |