| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Flathead Food, Candy Solidified pitch chewed as gum. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 22 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Flathead Food, Sauce & Relish Sap used to make a sweet syrup. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 22 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Flathead Food, Unspecified Cambium layer eaten in spring. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 22 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Kutenai Drug, Dermatological Aid Gum used for cuts and bruises. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 22 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Kutenai Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Infusion of bark used for tuberculosis. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 22 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Kutenai Food, Sauce & Relish Sap used to make a sweet syrup. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 22 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Kutenai Other, Ceremonial Items Used for the center pole of the religious Sundance. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 22 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Kutenai Other, Hide Preparation Rotten wood used for smoking buckskins. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 22 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Nez Perce Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of bark used for colds. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 22 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Nez Perce Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of bark used for coughs. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 22 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Nez Perce Drug, Throat Aid Sap chewed for sore throat. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 22 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Nez Perce Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make bows. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 22 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Decoction of plant tops used to soak arthritic limbs. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 25 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Decoction of plant taken for severe arthritis. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 25 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Blood Medicine Decoction of plant tops and Oregon grapes used as a blood purifier. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 25 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Blood Medicine Decoction of plant tops taken to help 'changing of the blood.' Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 25 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Cancer Treatment Decoction of plant taken for cancer. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 25 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of plant tops used as an antiseptic wash for cuts and sores. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 25 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of plant tops used to soak severe skin sores. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 25 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Candy Sap hardened and eaten like candy. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 25 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Forage Buds eaten by blue grouse. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 25 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Paint Pitch heated, rubbed into a fine powder, mixed with grease and used as a red paint for girls' faces. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 25 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Season Indicator Leaf color changes used to indicate fall and pregnant bears going into their dens for the winter. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 25 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Paiute Food, Candy Syrup or 'dark sugar' gathered as a confection. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 43 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Sanpoil and Nespelem Food, Unspecified Gum collected on stump of a burned or fallen larch and used for food. Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 105 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Thompson Drug, Burn Dressing Poultice of pitch mixed with fat or Vaseline and used for sores, cuts and burns. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Thompson Drug, Cancer Treatment Decoction of small pieces of branches and tops used for cancer. A decoction of plant tops was used to wash the areas affected by cancer. A second decoction of branch pieces was taken internally. It made the emaciated patient get better and gain weight. This treatment was used after a 'western' doctor diagnosed the breast cancer patient as being terminal. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Thompson Drug, Cough Medicine Branches used for dry coughs. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of bark used as a wash for wounds, such as bullet wounds. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of pitch used for sores, cuts and burns. The pitch was mixed with tallow and used as a poultice for sores or it was mixed with fat or Vaseline and used for cuts and burns. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Thompson Drug, Dietary Aid Decoction of small pieces of branches and bark used to stimulate the appetite. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Thompson Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of small pieces of branches and bark used for ulcers. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Thompson Drug, Gynecological Aid Decoction of small pieces of branches and bark taken as a form of birth control after childbirth. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Thompson Drug, Orthopedic Aid Branches used for broken bones. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Thompson Drug, Orthopedic Aid Pitch considered a valuable bone setter for broken bones that would not heal. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Thompson Drug, Panacea Branches used as a medicine for any type of illness. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Thompson Drug, Pediatric Aid Decoction of bark used as a wash or bath for babies, to make them strong and healthy. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Thompson Drug, Pediatric Aid Decoction of leaves used as a healthful, strengthening wash for infants. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 475 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Thompson Drug, Pediatric Aid Decoction of plant used as a wash to make babies strong and healthy. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 475 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Thompson Drug, Respiratory Aid Poultice of pitch used or infusion of pitch taken for respiratory diseases. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Thompson Drug, Strengthener Decoction of bark used as a wash or bath for babies, to make them strong and healthy. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Thompson Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Poultice of pitch used or infusion of pitch taken for tuberculosis. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Thompson Food, Candy Gum from trunk and branches chewed for pleasure. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Gum chewed for pleasure. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 493 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Thompson Other, Paint Pitch burned until dry to make a reddish pigment and used as a face paint for women and men. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99 |