| Picea abies (L.) Karst. Norway Spruce USDA PIAB |
Mohegan Drug, Analgesic Poultice of sap or gum applied for boil and abscess pains. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 74 |
| Picea abies (L.) Karst. Norway Spruce USDA PIAB |
Mohegan Drug, Dermatological Aid Sap or gum applied to boil or abscess pains. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 74, 130 |
| Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. Engelmann's Spruce USDA PIEN |
Hoh Fiber, Building Material Timber used to make shakes, clapboards and framing timbers. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59 |
| Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. Engelmann's Spruce USDA PIEN |
Hoh Fiber, Cordage Limbs and roots shredded, pounded and used to make cord and rope. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59 |
| Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. Engelmann's Spruce USDA PIEN |
Hoh Other, Toys & Games Timber used to make toys. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59 |
| Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. Engelmann's Spruce USDA PIEN |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12 |
| Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. Engelmann's Spruce USDA PIEN |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Emetic Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12 |
| Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. Engelmann's Spruce USDA PIEN |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Respiratory Aid Infusion of bark used for respiratory ailments. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 27 |
| Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. Engelmann's Spruce USDA PIEN |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Infusion of bark used for tuberculosis. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 27 |
| Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. Engelmann's Spruce USDA PIEN |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Beverage Branches used by mountain travellers to make a tea. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 27 |
| Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. Engelmann's Spruce USDA PIEN |
Paiute Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Boughs used on the floor of sweathouses and for camping beds. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 44 |
| Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. Engelmann's Spruce USDA PIEN |
Quileute Fiber, Building Material Timber used to make shakes, clapboards and framing timbers. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59 |
| Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. Engelmann's Spruce USDA PIEN |
Quileute Fiber, Cordage Limbs and roots shredded, pounded and used to make cord and rope. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59 |
| Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. Engelmann's Spruce USDA PIEN |
Quileute Other, Toys & Games Timber used to make toys. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59 |
| Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. Engelmann's Spruce USDA PIEN |
Thompson Drug, Cancer Treatment Decoction of needles and gum taken for cancer. It was said that if this treatment did not work, nothing would work. The decoction was taken with a spoon directly from the bark blisters and in concentrated form. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100 |
| Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. Engelmann's Spruce USDA PIEN |
Thompson Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of needles and gum taken for coughs. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100 |
| Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. Engelmann's Spruce USDA PIEN |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Pitch used for eczema. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100 |
| Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. Engelmann's Spruce USDA PIEN |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Twig ashes mixed with grease and used as an ointment or salve. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 475 |
| Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. Engelmann's Spruce USDA PIEN |
Thompson Drug, Psychological Aid Tree and red cedar tree caused vivid dreams for anyone who slept under it. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100 |
| Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. Engelmann's Spruce USDA PIEN |
Thompson Fiber, Basketry Bark used to make baskets. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499 |
| Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. Engelmann's Spruce USDA PIEN |
Thompson Fiber, Building Material Bark used to thatch the roofs of lodges. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499 |
| Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. Engelmann's Spruce USDA PIEN |
Thompson Fiber, Canoe Material Bark used to cover canoes. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499 |
| Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. Engelmann's Spruce USDA PIEN |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Sap considered edible. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100 |
| Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. Engelmann's Spruce USDA PIEN |
Thompson Other, Cooking Tools Bark used to make utensils of all kinds. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499 |
| Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. Engelmann's Spruce USDA PIEN |
Thompson Other, Good Luck Charm Tree and red cedar tree provided good luck and wishes for those who asked for it. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 100 |
| Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. Engelmann's Spruce USDA PIEN |
Thompson Other, Soap Branch tips and needles boiled and used as a wash by hunters, warriors and boys at puberty. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 505 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Abnaki Drug, Urinary Aid Infusion of cones taken for urinary troubles. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 164 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Cough Medicine Inner bark chewed and infusion of inner bark taken for coughs. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 126 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Dermatological Aid Gum used as a salve. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 126 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Gynecological Aid Used in the sudatory, this is taken by women after childbirth and for other complaints. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 126 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Internal Medicine Infusion of branch tips taken to 'heal the insides.' Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 126 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Laxative Gum chewed as a laxative. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 126 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Laxative Resin chewed as a laxative. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 73 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Unspecified Used in the sudatory, this is taken by women after childbirth and for other complaints. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 126 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Algonquin, Quebec Food, Candy Resin chewed like chewing gum. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 73 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule Fiber, Basketry Roots used to sew basketss. Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 129 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule Fiber, Canoe Material Roots used to sew canoes. Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 129 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule Fiber, Snow Gear Roots used to sew snowshoes. Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 129 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Chippewa Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Compound decoction of twigs used as herbal steam for rheumatism. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 362 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Decoction of inner bark used for arthritis. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Blood Medicine Poultice of gum and lard applied for blood poisoning. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Dermatological Aid Pitch and grease used as an ointment for skin rashes, scabies, persistent scabs and growing boils. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of gum and lard applied to infections. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Dermatological Aid Rotten wood used in baby dusting powder. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Dermatological Aid Rotten, dried, finely powdered wood used as baby powder and for skin rashes. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Pediatric Aid Rotten wood used in baby dusting powder. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Pediatric Aid Rotten, dried, finely powdered wood used as baby powder and for skin rashes. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Dye, Yellow-Brown Rotten wood used as a yellow brown dye for white goods. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Fiber, Basketry Wood used for the edging of a birch bark sewing basket base and lid. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Cree, Woodlands Fiber, Building Material Bark sheets used for roofing on buildings. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 48 |