| Rubus sp. |
Iroquois Food, Fruit Fruits eaten raw. Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 95 |
| Rubus sp. |
Iroquois Food, Sauce & Relish Fruits dried, soaked in sugared water, cooked and eaten as a sauce. Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 95 |
| Rubus sp. |
Iroquois Food, Special Food Dried berries soaked in honey and water and used as a ceremonial food by the Bear Society. Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 95 |
| Rubus sp. |
Klallam Drug, Cold Remedy Roots used for colds. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 36 |
| Rubus sp. |
Malecite Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion of one foot section of tree used by children with diarrhea. Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 255 |
| Rubus sp. |
Malecite Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of one foot section of tree used by children with diarrhea. Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 255 |
| Rubus sp. |
Okanagon Food, Staple Berries used as a principle food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238 |
| Rubus sp. |
Paiute Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 83 |
| Rubus sp. |
Rappahannock Drug, Anesthetic Root or berry infusion taken for diarrhea, an overdose would cause numbness. Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 29 |
| Rubus sp. |
Rappahannock Drug, Antidiarrheal Root or berry infusion taken for diarrhea, an overdose would cause numbness. Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 29 |
| Rubus sp. |
Rappahannock Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of dried, brown runners taken for dyspepsia. Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 29 |
| Rubus sp. |
Sanpoil and Nespelem Food, Dried Food Berries eaten dried. Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 102 |
| Rubus sp. |
Sanpoil and Nespelem Food, Fruit Berries eaten raw or dried. Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 102 |
| Rubus sp. |
Sanpoil and Nespelem Food, Fruit Berries eaten raw. Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 102 |
| Rubus sp. |
Spokan Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 343 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Alaska Native Food, Fruit Fruit eaten raw. Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 101 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Alaska Native Food, Preserves Fruit made into jams and jellies. Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 101 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Bella Coola Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of root bark taken for stomach troubles. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 58 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Bella Coola Food, Bread & Cake Berries cooked, dried in cakes and used for food. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Bella Coola Food, Fruit Berries eaten raw. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Bella Coola Food, Unspecified Sprouts peeled and eaten in spring. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Carrier Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 77 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Chehalis Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Chehalis Food, Unspecified Sprouts cooked in a pit and eaten with dried salmon. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Chinook, Lower Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Chinook, Lower Food, Unspecified Sprouts cooked in a pit and eaten with dried salmon. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Clallam Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 203 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Cowlitz Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Cowlitz Food, Unspecified Sprouts cooked in a pit and eaten with dried salmon. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Green River Group Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Green River Group Food, Unspecified Sprouts cooked in a pit and eaten with dried salmon. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food, Beverage Berries used to make homemade wine. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 279 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food, Dried Food Berries dried for winter use. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 279 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 279 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food, Special Food Young sprouts peeled and served as a featured item at salmonberry sprout feasts. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 279 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Ceremonial Items Flower used in 'flower dance' costume and in shamanistic performances. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 279 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Cooking Tools Leaves used to whip soapberries. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 279 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Season Indicator Plant used as an indicator for picking edible seaweed. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 279 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Hesquiat Food, Unspecified Young, fresh shoots eaten with oil. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Hesquiat Other, Cooking Tools Leaves spread at bottom of wooden cooking containers to prevent the hot rocks from burning the wood. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Hesquiat Other, Cooking Tools Sticks used to make salmon spreaders and for stringing clams for cooking and smoking. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Hesquiat Other, Smoking Tools Roots used to make pipe bowls. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Hoh Food, Fruit Fruits eaten raw. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 63 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Hoh Food, Fruit Fruits stewed and used for food. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 63 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Hoh Food, Winter Use Food Fruits canned and saved for future food use. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 63 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Hoh Other, Ceremonial Items Sprouts formerly used in courting ceremonies. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 63 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Kitasoo Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 347 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Kitasoo Food, Unspecified Sprouts peeled and eaten fresh or steamed with oolichan grease, salmon or salmon roe. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 347 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Kwakiutl Drug, Burn Dressing Powdered bark applied to burns. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 291 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Kwakiutl Drug, Dermatological Aid Powdered bark applied to sores. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 291 |