| Rubus arcticus L. Arctic Blackberry USDA RUARA3 |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Food, Winter Use Food Berries added to stored salmonberries. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 189 |
| Rubus arcticus L. Arctic Blackberry USDA RUARA3 |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Dessert Berries used to make traditional dessert. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 103 |
| Rubus arcticus L. Arctic Blackberry USDA RUARA3 |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 103 |
| Rubus arcticus L. Arctic Blackberry USDA RUARA3 |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Winter Use Food Berries mixed with salmonberries and stored in a barrel for future use. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 103 |
| Rubus arcticus L. Arctic Blackberry USDA RUARA3 |
Koyukon Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 55 |
| Rubus arcticus L. Arctic Blackberry USDA RUARA3 |
Tanana, Upper Food, Frozen Food Berries frozen for future use. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12 |
| Rubus arcticus L. Arctic Blackberry USDA RUARA3 |
Tanana, Upper Food, Fruit Berries boiled with sugar and flour to thicken. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12 |
| Rubus arcticus L. Arctic Blackberry USDA RUARA3 |
Tanana, Upper Food, Fruit Berries eaten raw, plain or mixed raw with sugar, grease or the combination of the two. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12 |
| Rubus arcticus L. Arctic Blackberry USDA RUARA3 |
Tanana, Upper Food, Fruit Berries fried in grease with sugar or dried fish eggs. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12 |
| Rubus arcticus L. Arctic Blackberry USDA RUARA3 |
Tanana, Upper Food, Pie & Pudding Berries used to make pies. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12 |
| Rubus arcticus L. Arctic Blackberry USDA RUARA3 |
Tanana, Upper Food, Preserves Berries used to make jam and jelly. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12 |
| Rubus arcticus L. Arctic Blackberry USDA RUARA3 |
Tanana, Upper Food, Winter Use Food Berries preserved alone or in grease and stored in a birchbark basket in an underground cache. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12 |
| Rubus arcticus ssp. acaulis (Michx.) Focke Dwarf Raspberry USDA RUARA2 |
Cree, Woodlands Food, Fruit Fruit eaten fresh. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 56 |
| Rubus arcticus ssp. acaulis (Michx.) Focke Dwarf Raspberry USDA RUARA2 |
Shuswap Drug, Antidiarrheal Leaves used for diarrhea. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67 |
| Rubus argutus Link Sawtooth Blackberry USDA RUAR2 |
Cherokee Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion of root or leaf used for diarrhea. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26 |
| Rubus argutus Link Sawtooth Blackberry USDA RUAR2 |
Cherokee Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Infusion given for rheumatism. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26 |
| Rubus argutus Link Sawtooth Blackberry USDA RUAR2 |
Cherokee Drug, Dermatological Aid Compound, astringent and tonic infusion of root used as a wash for piles. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 25, 26 |
| Rubus argutus Link Sawtooth Blackberry USDA RUAR2 |
Cherokee Drug, Hemorrhoid Remedy Compound infusion of root used for piles. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26 |
| Rubus argutus Link Sawtooth Blackberry USDA RUAR2 |
Cherokee Drug, Oral Aid Washed root chewed for coated tongue. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26 |
| Rubus argutus Link Sawtooth Blackberry USDA RUAR2 |
Cherokee Drug, Stimulant Used as a stimulant. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26 |
| Rubus argutus Link Sawtooth Blackberry USDA RUAR2 |
Cherokee Drug, Throat Aid Used with honey as a wash for sore throat. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26 |
| Rubus argutus Link Sawtooth Blackberry USDA RUAR2 |
Cherokee Drug, Tonic Used as a tonic. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26 |
| Rubus argutus Link Sawtooth Blackberry USDA RUAR2 |
Cherokee Drug, Urinary Aid Compound decoction taken to regulate urination. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26 |
| Rubus argutus Link Sawtooth Blackberry USDA RUAR2 |
Cherokee Drug, Venereal Aid Used for venereal disease. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26 |
| Rubus argutus Link Sawtooth Blackberry USDA RUAR2 |
Cherokee Food, Beverage Fruit used to make juice. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26 |
| Rubus argutus Link Sawtooth Blackberry USDA RUAR2 |
Cherokee Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 26 |
| Rubus arizonensis Focke Arizona Dewberry USDA RUAR3 |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Bread & Cake Fruit pressed into pulpy cakes, dried and stored. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 44 |
| Rubus arizonensis Focke Arizona Dewberry USDA RUAR3 |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Fruit Fruits eaten fresh. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 44 |
| Rubus arizonensis Focke Arizona Dewberry USDA RUAR3 |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Winter Use Food Fruit pressed into pulpy cakes, dried and stored for winter use. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 44 |
| Rubus arizonensis Focke Arizona Dewberry USDA RUAR3 |
Navajo Food, Fruit Fruits eaten for food. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 55 |
| Rubus canadensis L. Smooth Blackberry USDA RUCA16 |
Chippewa Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 133 |
| Rubus canadensis L. Smooth Blackberry USDA RUCA16 |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Antidiarrheal Vine and berries used for dysentery. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 78 |
| Rubus canadensis L. Smooth Blackberry USDA RUCA16 |
Iroquois Drug, Unspecified Berries, maple sap and water used to make a medicine. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 142 |
| Rubus canadensis L. Smooth Blackberry USDA RUCA16 |
Iroquois Food, Beverage Berries, water & maple sugar used to make a drink for home consumption and longhouse ceremonies. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127 |
| Rubus canadensis L. Smooth Blackberry USDA RUCA16 |
Iroquois Food, Bread & Cake Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127 |
| Rubus canadensis L. Smooth Blackberry USDA RUCA16 |
Iroquois Food, Dried Food Raw or cooked fruit sun or fire dried and stored for future use. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127 |
| Rubus canadensis L. Smooth Blackberry USDA RUCA16 |
Iroquois Food, Fruit Dried fruit taken as a hunting food. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127 |
| Rubus canadensis L. Smooth Blackberry USDA RUCA16 |
Iroquois Food, Sauce & Relish Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127 |
| Rubus canadensis L. Smooth Blackberry USDA RUCA16 |
Menominee Drug, Antidiarrheal Simple or compound decoction of root used for dysentery. Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 131 |
| Rubus canadensis L. Smooth Blackberry USDA RUCA16 |
Ojibwa Food, Fruit Berries used fresh. Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2223 |
| Rubus canadensis L. Smooth Blackberry USDA RUCA16 |
Ojibwa Food, Winter Use Food Berries used preserved. Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2223 |
| Rubus chamaemorus L. Cloudberry USDA RUCH |
Alaska Native Food, Dietary Aid Berries used as a very rich source of vitamin C. Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 93 |
| Rubus chamaemorus L. Cloudberry USDA RUCH |
Alaska Native Food, Frozen Food Fruit stored in seal pokes, kegs or barrels and buried in the frozen tundra for future use. Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 93 |
| Rubus chamaemorus L. Cloudberry USDA RUCH |
Alaska Native Food, Fruit Berries eaten raw with sugar, seal oil or both. Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 93 |
| Rubus chamaemorus L. Cloudberry USDA RUCH |
Alaska Native Food, Pie & Pudding Berries used to make berry shortcakes and pies. Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 93 |
| Rubus chamaemorus L. Cloudberry USDA RUCH |
Alaska Native Food, Winter Use Food Fruit stored in large quantities for winter use. Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 93 |
| Rubus chamaemorus L. Cloudberry USDA RUCH |
Anticosti Food, Preserves Fruits used to make jelly. Rousseau, Jacques, 1946, Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti, Archives de Folklore 1:60-71, page 67 |
| Rubus chamaemorus L. Cloudberry USDA RUCH |
Anticosti Food, Winter Use Food Fruits stored for winter use. Rousseau, Jacques, 1946, Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti, Archives de Folklore 1:60-71, page 67 |
| Rubus chamaemorus L. Cloudberry USDA RUCH |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Gynecological Aid Decoction of plant used for hard labor. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 56 |
| Rubus chamaemorus L. Cloudberry USDA RUCH |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Gynecological Aid Decoction of roots used as a 'woman's medicine.' Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 56 |