| Acer saccharum Marsh. Sugar Maple USDA ACSAS |
Mohegan Food, Sweetener Sap used as a sweetening agent and to make maple syrup. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 69 |
| Acer saccharum Marsh. Sugar Maple USDA ACSAS |
Ojibwa Food, Beverage Sap saved to drink as it comes from the tree, alone or mixed with box elder or birch sap. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 394 |
| Acer saccharum Marsh. Sugar Maple USDA ACSAS |
Ojibwa Food, Sour Sap allowed to sour to make vinegar and mixed with maple sugar to cook sweet and sour meat. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 394 |
| Acer saccharum Marsh. Sugar Maple USDA ACSAS |
Ojibwa Food, Sweetener Maple sugar used to season all kinds of meats, replaced now with salt. Smith describes in detail the process by which the Ojibwe make maple syrup. Although now (1932) they use iron kettles, originally the sap and storage vessels were 'made of birch bark, sewed with boiled basswood fiber or the core of the jack pine root.' The vessels are rendered waterproof by the application of pitch secured by boiling jack pine cones. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 394 |
| Acer saccharum Marsh. Sugar Maple USDA ACSAS |
Ojibwa Other, Cooking Tools Wood used to make bowls and many other objects of utility. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413 |
| Acer saccharum Marsh. Sugar Maple USDA ACSAS |
Ojibwa Other, Cooking Tools Wood used to make paddles for stirring maple sugar or wild rice while scorching or parching it. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413 |
| Acer saccharum Marsh. Sugar Maple USDA ACSAS |
Potawatomi Drug, Expectorant Inner bark used as an expectorant. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 37 |
| Acer saccharum Marsh. Sugar Maple USDA ACSAS |
Potawatomi Food, Beverage Maple sap, as it came from the tree, drunk by children. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 92 |
| Acer saccharum Marsh. Sugar Maple USDA ACSAS |
Potawatomi Food, Candy Children made taffy by cooling the maple sap in the snow. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 92 |
| Acer saccharum Marsh. Sugar Maple USDA ACSAS |
Potawatomi Food, Sour Maple sap not only furnished the sugar for seasoning material but also furnished the vinegar. Sap that was allowed to become sour made a vinegar to be used in cooking venison which was afterwards sweetened with maple sugar. This corresponds somewhat to the German 'sweet and sour' style of cooking. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 92 |
| Acer saccharum Marsh. Sugar Maple USDA ACSAS |
Potawatomi Food, Sweetener Maple sugar used, instead of salt, to season all cooking. The sugar maple and the black sugar maple are found all over Wisconsin and were considered to be the most valuable trees in the forest because they furnished them their seasoning material. While they do use salt today, it is an acquired ingredient and most of the old people would prefer to have sugar for their seasoning. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 92 |
| Acer sp. Maple |
Paiute Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make bows. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 88 |
| Acer spicatum Lam. Mountain Maple USDA ACSP2 |
Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of boiled root chips applied to wounds and abscesses. Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 118 |
| Acer spicatum Lam. Mountain Maple USDA ACSP2 |
Iroquois Drug, Antihemorrhagic Compound decoction of roots and bark taken for internal hemorrhage. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 377 |
| Acer spicatum Lam. Mountain Maple USDA ACSP2 |
Iroquois Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Plant used for intestinal diseases. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 94 |
| Acer spicatum Lam. Mountain Maple USDA ACSP2 |
Malecite Drug, Eye Medicine Infusion of outside bark used for sore eyes. Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 248 |
| Acer spicatum Lam. Mountain Maple USDA ACSP2 |
Malecite Drug, Eye Medicine Poultice of outside bark used for sore eyes. Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 248 |
| Acer spicatum Lam. Mountain Maple USDA ACSP2 |
Menominee Other, Designs Leaves used as design for bead work and applique work. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 73 |
| Acer spicatum Lam. Mountain Maple USDA ACSP2 |
Micmac Drug, Eye Medicine Bark used for sore eyes. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53 |
| Acer spicatum Lam. Mountain Maple USDA ACSP2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Eye Medicine Infusion of pith used as a wash for sore eyes and pith used to remove foreign matter. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 353 |
| Acer spicatum Lam. Mountain Maple USDA ACSP2 |
Ojibwa Other, Designs Three-lobed leaf was a great favorite with Ojibwe women for design work for beading. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413 |
| Acer spicatum Lam. Mountain Maple USDA ACSP2 |
Ojibwa Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make arrows. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234 |
| Acer spicatum Lam. Mountain Maple USDA ACSP2 |
Ojibwa Other, Toys & Games Root used to make the bowl for the dice bowl game. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 234 |
| Acer spicatum Lam. Mountain Maple USDA ACSP2 |
Potawatomi Drug, Cough Medicine Compound containing inner bark used as cough syrup. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 37 |
| Acer spicatum Lam. Mountain Maple USDA ACSP2 |
Potawatomi Other, Designs Leaves used as a pattern for bead and applique work. In making up a design for art work or bead work, a woman would burn deer antlers until they turned to charcoal and use this to rub on the backs of leaves. This surface was placed down upon a piece of white birchbark and rubbed until the shape and venation of the leaves were transferred to the birchbark. Then arranging with other leaves, a design would be formed which would be the pattern for the bead work. Oftentimes, this would be placed directly under the loom so that the form and outline of the finished bead work would be a true representation of the natural object. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 110 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Abnaki Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of whole plant given to children for colds. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 174 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Abnaki Drug, Febrifuge Used for fevers. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 154 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Abnaki Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Used for grippe. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 154 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Abnaki Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of whole plant given to children for colds. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 174 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Analgesic Crushed leaves used as a snuff for headaches. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 240 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Cold Remedy Used for colds. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 240 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Poultice Leaves used for poultices. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 240 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Respiratory Aid Used for respiratory disorders. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 240 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule Drug, Analgesic Decoction of leaves and flowers used for headaches. Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 118 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Bella Coola Drug, Breast Treatment Leaves pounded, heated and used for breast abscesses. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Bella Coola Drug, Burn Dressing Leaves pounded, heated and used for burns. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Bella Coola Drug, Burn Dressing Poultice of chewed leaves applied to burns. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 65 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Bella Coola Drug, Dermatological Aid Leaves pounded, heated and used for boils. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Bella Coola Drug, Pediatric Aid Poultice of leaves and eulachon grease applied to the chest and back of children for bronchitis. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Bella Coola Drug, Respiratory Aid Poultice of leaves and eulachon grease applied to the chest and back of children for bronchitis. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 201 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Blackfoot Drug, Analgesic Infusion of plant taken or rubbed on the body to soothe the pain of gastroenteritis. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Blackfoot Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Infusion of plant applied to swellingss. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Blackfoot Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Poultice of chewed flowers applied to swollen parts. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Blackfoot Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion of plant applied to sores. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Blackfoot Drug, Diuretic Infusion of plant taken as a diuretic to pass the sickness with the urine. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 69 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Blackfoot Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of leaves taken to expel the afterbirth. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 60 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Blackfoot Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of leaves taken when labor pains started and to ease the delivery. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 60 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Blackfoot Drug, Liver Aid Infusion of plant taken or rubbed on the body for liver troubles. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Blackfoot Drug, Panacea Infusion of plant rubbed on the body part affected by sickness. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 69 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Blackfoot Drug, Throat Aid Infusion of plant taken for sore throats. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 70 |