| Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. Snowball Sand Verbena USDA ABFR2 |
Keres, Western Other, Ceremonial Items Flowers made into ceremonial necklaces. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24 |
| Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. Snowball Sand Verbena USDA ABFR2 |
Laguna Food, Unspecified Roots ground, mixed with corn meal and eaten. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 39 |
| Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. Snowball Sand Verbena USDA ABFR2 |
Navajo Drug, Dermatological Aid Plant used for boils. Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 158 |
| Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. Snowball Sand Verbena USDA ABFR2 |
Navajo Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Plant taken to 'remove the effects of swallowing a spider.' Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 46 |
| Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. Snowball Sand Verbena USDA ABFR2 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Cathartic Plant used as a cathartic. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 21 |
| Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. Snowball Sand Verbena USDA ABFR2 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Dermatological Aid Plant used for insect bites. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 21 |
| Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. Snowball Sand Verbena USDA ABFR2 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Diaphoretic Plant used as a sudorific. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 21 |
| Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. Snowball Sand Verbena USDA ABFR2 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Emetic Plant used as an emetic. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 21 |
| Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. Snowball Sand Verbena USDA ABFR2 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Plant used for stomach cramps. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 21 |
| Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. Snowball Sand Verbena USDA ABFR2 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Panacea Plant used as a life medicine. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 21 |
| Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. Snowball Sand Verbena USDA ABFR2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Dermatological Aid Cold infusion used as lotion for sores or sore mouth and to bathe perspiring feet. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 26 |
| Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. Snowball Sand Verbena USDA ABFR2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Oral Aid Cold infusion used as lotion for sores or sore mouth. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 26 |
| Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. Snowball Sand Verbena USDA ABFR2 |
Ute Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Roots and flowers used for stomach and bowel troubles. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 32 |
| Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. Snowball Sand Verbena USDA ABFR2 |
Zuni Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Fresh flowers eaten for stomachaches. Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 377 |
| Abronia latifolia Eschsch. Coastal Sand Verbena USDA ABLA2 |
Clallam Food, Unspecified Roots used for food. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 201 |
| Abronia latifolia Eschsch. Coastal Sand Verbena USDA ABLA2 |
Klallam Food, Unspecified Roots used for food. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 29 |
| Abronia latifolia Eschsch. Coastal Sand Verbena USDA ABLA2 |
Makah Food, Unspecified Roots eaten in the fall. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 29 |
| Abronia turbinata Torr. ex S. Wats. Transmontane Sand Verbena USDA ABTU |
Shoshoni Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of mashed leaves applied to swellings. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 30 |
| Abronia villosa S. Wats. Desert Sand Verbena USDA ABVIV |
Paiute Drug, Diuretic Used as an urinary inducer. Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 41 |
| Abronia villosa S. Wats. Desert Sand Verbena USDA ABVIV |
Shoshoni Drug, Burn Dressing Poultice of mashed roots applied to burns. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 30 |
| Abutilon incanum (Link) Sweet Pelotazo USDA ABIN |
Hawaiian Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Dried flowers eaten for gripping stomachaches. Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 69 |
| Abutilon incanum (Link) Sweet Pelotazo USDA ABIN |
Hawaiian Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Flowers, root bark and other plants pounded, resulting liquid heated and taken for stomachaches. Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 69 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Cahuilla Fiber, Building Material Considered an outstanding construction material and a fine firewood. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Cahuilla Food, Porridge Dried pods ground into flour and used to make mush or cakes. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Cahuilla Food, Vegetable Pods eaten fresh. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Cahuilla Other, Fuel Considered an outstanding construction material and a fine firewood. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 29 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Diegueno Food, Fodder Used to feed domesticated animals. Hinton, Leanne, 1975, Notes on La Huerta Diegueno Ethnobotany, Journal of California Anthropology 2:214-222, page 218 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Havasupai Fiber, Basketry Split twigs used as basket material. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 225 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Havasupai Fiber, Brushes & Brooms Twigs made into a brush and used to brush off metates. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 225 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Havasupai Food, Bread & Cake Seeds stored, roasted, ground and made into bread. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 225 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Papago Fiber, Basketry Thorns removed, twigs split in half lengthwise and used to make serviceable baskets. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 57 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Papago Fiber, Other Twigs used for curved structures in wrapped weaving. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Papago Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Fitted around deer hunters' heads and used in sizing deer head disguises. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 40 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Papago Other, Incense & Fragrance Buds and blossoms dried and used by women as perfume sachets. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 52 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Papago Other, Tools Curved rods used for fleshing and dehairing animal skins. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 69 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Papago Other, Tools Short transverse sticks affixed to poles and used to dislodge saguaro fruits from the shafts. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 20 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Papago Other, Tools Stems peeled of bark and thorns and used to beat sheep hides to make them more pliable. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 69 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Pima Fiber, Building Material Bushes dried, piled high and used as brush fences. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 90 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Pima Fiber, Furniture Branches used to make cradle frames. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 90 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Pima Food, Unspecified Beans formerly used for food. Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 76 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Pima Other, Fuel Bushes dried and used for firewood. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 90 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Pima Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Used to make bows. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 90 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Pima Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make bows. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 90 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Pima, Gila River Food, Starvation Food Seeds used as 'starvation food.' Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7 |
| Acacia greggii Gray Catclaw Acacia USDA ACGRG3 |
Seri Food, Porridge Beans ground into a meal, mixed with water or sea lion oil and eaten. Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136 |
| Acacia koa Gray Koa USDA ACKO |
Hawaiian Drug, Diaphoretic Leaves spread out on the bed to cause the patient lying on them to sweat. Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 46 |
| Acacia koa Gray Koa USDA ACKO |
Hawaiian Drug, Pediatric Aid Ashes of this and other plants applied to the mouth interior of infants for physical weakness. Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 46 |
| Acacia koa Gray Koa USDA ACKO |
Hawaiian Drug, Strengthener Ashes of this and other plants applied to the mouth interior of infants for physical weakness. Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 46 |
| Acacia koa Gray Koa USDA ACKO |
Hawaiian Fiber, Canoe Material Wood used to make canoes. Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 46 |
| Acacia sp. Cats Claw |
Hualapai Fiber, Basketry Limbs split and used to coil around the edges of baskets. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 14 |