| Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes Pacific Silver Fir USDA ABAM |
Haisla Food, Unspecified Cambium used for food. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 151 |
| Acer macrophyllum Pursh Bigleaf Maple USDA ACMA3 |
Salish, Coast Food, Unspecified Cambium eaten in small quantities with oil. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 77 |
| Alnus rubra Bong. Red Alder USDA ALRU2 |
Salish, Coast Food, Unspecified Cambium eaten fresh with oil in spring. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 79 |
| Alnus sp. Alder |
Paiute Food, Unspecified Cambium layer and sap used for food. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 64 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Cree, Woodlands Food, Unspecified Cambium eaten fresh from the tree trunk. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 32 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Ojibwa Food, Unspecified Cambium layer scraped down in long, fluffy layers and cooked. They say it tastes like eggs. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 407 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Flathead Food, Unspecified Cambium layer eaten in spring. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 22 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Food, Unspecified Cambium eaten in the spring. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Gitksan Food, Unspecified Cambium eaten fresh. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 151 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Tanana, Upper Food, Starvation Food Cambium used as a food during periods of food shortage. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 2 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Wet'suwet'en Food, Unspecified Cambium eaten fresh. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 151 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Food, Unspecified Cambium eaten in the spring. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 188 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Coeur d'Alene Food, Unspecified Cambium layer used for food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 91 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Forage Cambium layer eaten by grizzly bears. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Unspecified Cambium layer used for food. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 28 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Okanagon Food, Staple Cambium layer used as a principle food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Okanagon Food, Unspecified Cambium layer and sap used for food. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Spokan Food, Unspecified Cambium used for food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 344 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Thompson Food, Dried Food Cambium and adjacent phloem tissue dried for winter use. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Cambium and adjacent phloem tissue eaten fresh. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Cambium layer and sap used for food. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38 |
| Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. Murray Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOM |
Montana Indian Food, Starvation Food Inner cambium layer of the bark eaten in times of scarcity. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 18 |
| Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. Murray Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOM |
Okanagon Food, Unspecified Cambium layer and sap used for food. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38 |
| Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. Murray Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOM |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Cambium layer and sap used for food. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Coeur d'Alene Food, Unspecified Cambium layer used for food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 91 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Klamath Food, Sauce & Relish Cambium layer scraped off and eaten as a relish. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 89 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Klamath Food, Starvation Food Cambium layer scraped off and eaten in time of famine. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 89 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Frozen Food Cambium frozen for future use. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Unspecified Cambium used for food. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Okanagon Food, Staple Cambium layer used as a principle food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 239 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Sanpoil and Nespelem Food, Unspecified Cambium layer eaten raw. This was an important food. The bark was removed in sections with the aid of wooden wedges. Sap scrapers were made from the rib of the deer by cutting it to an appropriate length, sharpening the edges and rounding the working end. Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 103 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Spokan Food, Unspecified Cambium used for food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 344 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Cambium of young twigs eaten. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 484 |
| Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw Black Cottonwood USDA POBAT |
Bella Coola Food, Dried Food Inner cambium 'slime' sun dried and eaten with grease. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 210 |
| Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw Black Cottonwood USDA POBAT |
Bella Coola Food, Unspecified Inner cambium 'slime' eaten fresh. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 210 |
| Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw Black Cottonwood USDA POBAT |
Haisla Food, Unspecified Cambium eaten fresh in spring. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 151 |
| Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw Black Cottonwood USDA POBAT |
Kwakiutl, Southern Food, Unspecified Cambium eaten in early spring. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 292 |
| Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw Black Cottonwood USDA POBAT |
Oweekeno Food, Unspecified Cambium used for food. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 116 |
| Populus grandidentata Michx. Bigtooth Aspen USDA POGR4 |
Ojibwa Food, Unspecified Cambium layer scraped, boiled and eaten, something like eggs. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 410 |
| Populus sp. Poplar |
Coeur d'Alene Food, Unspecified Cambium layer occasionally used for food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 91 |
| Populus tremuloides Michx. Quaking Aspen USDA POTR5 |
Blackfoot Food, Snack Food Cambium used as a snack food by children. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104 |
| Populus tremuloides Michx. Quaking Aspen USDA POTR5 |
Blackfoot Food, Unspecified Cambium used for food. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104 |
| Populus tremuloides Michx. Quaking Aspen USDA POTR5 |
Cree, Woodlands Food, Unspecified Cambium eaten fresh in early summer. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 52 |
| Populus tremuloides Michx. Quaking Aspen USDA POTR5 |
Tanana, Upper Food, Unspecified Sap and cambium used for food. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 5 |
| Salix alaxensis (Anderss.) Coville Feltleaf Willow USDA SAALA |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Unspecified Juicy cambium, tasted like watermelon or cucumber, used for food. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 7 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Alaska Food, Unspecified Cambium layer scraped off and eaten. Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 715 |
| Salix sp. |
Blackfoot Food, Unspecified Scraped cambium eaten especially by children. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 105 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Montana Indian Food, Dried Food Spring cambium pressed into cakes and dried for storage. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Montana Indian Food, Unspecified Spring cambium eaten fresh. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Salish, Coast Food, Dried Food Cambium dried and eaten in spring. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71 |