| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Clothing Bark twisted into cord and used to make bags and dresses. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Cordage Branches and bark twisted into strong rope. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Sewing Material Bark used for sewing birch bark onto basket frames. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Containers Bark twisted into cord and used to make bags and dresses. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Fasteners Bark twisted into cord and used to tie things together. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Sanpoil Drug, Antidiarrheal Decoction of roots taken to counteract diarrhea. Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 220 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Shuswap Food, Preservative Wood used to smoke salmon. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 68 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Shuswap Other, Ceremonial Items Inner bark headbands used by pubescent girls and young men, in ritual isolation and training. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 68 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Shuswap Other, Fasteners Tough, bark strips poked through the roots of dog tooth violet, to hang them for drying. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 68 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Tolowa Fiber, Basketry Roots used to make baskets. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Wet'suwet'en Fiber, Cordage Bark strips used for cord or rope. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 154 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Wet'suwet'en Other, Cooking Tools Bark strips used for hanging fish. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 154 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Wet'suwet'en Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Bark strips used for twining into nets or fish line. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 154 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Yurok Fiber, Basketry Roots used to make baskets. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53 |
| Salix sericea Marsh. Silky Willow USDA SASE |
Iroquois Drug, Oral Aid Used for mouth and throat abscesses. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 294 |
| Salix sessilifolia Nutt. Northwest Sandbar Willow USDA SASE3 |
Pomo Fiber, Basketry Used in basketry as foundation rods. Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 6 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Clallam Fiber, Cordage Bark made into string. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 203 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Eskimo, Alaska Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of pounded bark applied to wounds. Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 331 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Haisla Other, Toys & Games Whips used to lash opponents in the 'hoop and pole game.' Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Cleaning Agent Leaves used to wipe slime from fish. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Containers Sticks used to string discoidal basaltic seaweed cooking stones when not being used. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Cooking Tools Branches used as barbecue racks for salmon. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Cooking Tools Leaves layered with salmon and western hemlock boughs to allow the fish to drain. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Withes used as fish stringers to transport fish downstream. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Walking Sticks Wood used to make walking sticks or canes. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Hoh Fiber, Basketry Limbs split, pared, scraped and used to make baskets. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 60 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Karok Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Roots and branches used in the World Renewal ceremony fire. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Karok Fiber, Basketry Roots used to make baskets. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Karok Other, Containers Roots used as a fire hearth. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Karok Other, Cooking Tools Twigs used by fishermen to string salmon steaks while drying. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Karok Other, Protection Branch tied to the bow of a boat as a charm against danger when crossing the river in high water. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Karok Other, Tools Roots used as a fire drill. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Karok Other, Tools Whole plant beaten with a stick to make the wind blow on hot days. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Klallam Drug, Tonic Decoction of peeled bark taken as a tonic. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Klallam Fiber, Cordage Bark peeled, twisted and used to make string. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of stalks taken for stomach ailments. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Pomo Other, Fuel Used for firewood. Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 12 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Quileute Fiber, Basketry Limbs split, pared, scraped and used to make baskets. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 60 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Quinault Fiber, Cordage Bark used to make lines for tumplines and slings. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Quinault Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Bark used to make the harpoon lines in sea-lion hunting gear. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Skagit Drug, Tonic Decoction of peeled bark taken as a tonic. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Snohomish Fiber, Cordage Bark used to make a two-ply string. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Tolowa Fiber, Basketry Roots used to make baskets. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Yurok Fiber, Basketry Roots used to make baskets. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53 |
| Salix sp. |
Abnaki Drug, Eye Medicine Decoction of bark and bark from two other plants used for eye pain. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 170 |
| Salix sp. |
Abnaki Drug, Eye Medicine Used for sore eyes. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 155 |
| Salix sp. |
Abnaki Fiber, Basketry Used to make baskets and whistles. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 166 |
| Salix sp. |
Abnaki Other, Containers Used to make containers. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 156 |
| Salix sp. |
Abnaki Other, Toys & Games Used to make baskets and whistles. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 166 |
| Salix sp. |
Alabama Drug, Febrifuge Cold infusion of roots taken or used as a bath for fevers. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 12 |