| Salix bebbiana Sarg. Bebb Willow USDA SABE2 |
Cree, Woodlands Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Bark made into netting and used to catch fish. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58 |
| Salix bebbiana Sarg. Bebb Willow USDA SABE2 |
Cree, Woodlands Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Stems used to make bows and arrows. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58 |
| Salix bebbiana Sarg. Bebb Willow USDA SABE2 |
Cree, Woodlands Other, Tools Bark made into netting to clean pitch used in sealing birch bark canoes. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58 |
| Salix bebbiana Sarg. Bebb Willow USDA SABE2 |
Cree, Woodlands Other, Tools Stems used to make a bead weaving loom. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58 |
| Salix bebbiana Sarg. Bebb Willow USDA SABE2 |
Cree, Woodlands Other, Toys & Games Branches used to make whistles. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 58 |
| Salix bebbiana Sarg. Bebb Willow USDA SABE2 |
Menominee Drug, Unspecified Plant used medicinally. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 52 |
| Salix bebbiana Sarg. Bebb Willow USDA SABE2 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of inner cambium and powdered tree fungus applied to serious cuts. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix bebbiana Sarg. Bebb Willow USDA SABE2 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Gynecological Aid Decoction of branches taken by women for several months after childbirth to increase the blood flow. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix bebbiana Sarg. Bebb Willow USDA SABE2 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Gynecological Aid Shredded inner bark used for sanitary napkins to 'heal a woman's insides.' Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix bebbiana Sarg. Bebb Willow USDA SABE2 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Hemostat Poultice of bark and sap applied as a wad to bleeding wounds. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix bebbiana Sarg. Bebb Willow USDA SABE2 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Orthopedic Aid Poultice of damp inner bark applied to the skin over a broken bone. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix bebbiana Sarg. Bebb Willow USDA SABE2 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Pediatric Aid Decoction of branches taken by women after childbirth and helped the baby through the breast milk. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix bebbiana Sarg. Bebb Willow USDA SABE2 |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Clothing Bark twisted into cord and used to make bags and dresses. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix bebbiana Sarg. Bebb Willow USDA SABE2 |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Cordage Branches or bark twisted into strong rope. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix bebbiana Sarg. Bebb Willow USDA SABE2 |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Sewing Material Bark used for sewing birch bark onto basket frames. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix bebbiana Sarg. Bebb Willow USDA SABE2 |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Containers Bark twisted into cord and used to make bags and dresses. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix bebbiana Sarg. Bebb Willow USDA SABE2 |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Fasteners Bark twisted into cord and used to tie things together. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix bonplandiana Kunth Red Willow USDA SABO |
Costanoan Drug, Febrifuge Bark used for fevers. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 21 |
| Salix bonplandiana Kunth Red Willow USDA SABO |
Havasupai Fiber, Basketry Young shoots used for basketry. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 214 |
| Salix bonplandiana Kunth Red Willow USDA SABO |
Havasupai Fiber, Building Material Wood used for fence posts and as fuel for fires. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 214 |
| Salix bonplandiana Kunth Red Willow USDA SABO |
Havasupai Other, Fuel Wood used for fence posts and as fuel for fires. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 214 |
| Salix bonplandiana Kunth Red Willow USDA SABO |
Karok Fiber, Basketry Roots used to make baskets. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
| Salix bonplandiana Kunth Red Willow USDA SABO |
Karok Fiber, Basketry Twigs used as warp sticks. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
| Salix bonplandiana Kunth Red Willow USDA SABO |
Karok Other, Protection Used as a protective charm by those ferrying turbulent waters. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
| Salix bonplandiana Kunth Red Willow USDA SABO |
Kawaiisu Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion of roots taken for diarrhea. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61 |
| Salix bonplandiana Kunth Red Willow USDA SABO |
Kawaiisu Fiber, Basketry Young, green stems used to make baskets. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61 |
| Salix bonplandiana Kunth Red Willow USDA SABO |
Kawaiisu Fiber, Building Material Used as the poles for the winterhouse and sweathouse construction. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61 |
| Salix bonplandiana Kunth Red Willow USDA SABO |
Kawaiisu Fiber, Building Material Used in house construction. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61 |
| Salix bonplandiana Kunth Red Willow USDA SABO |
Kawaiisu Fiber, Furniture Used to make the oval and Y shaped cradles. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61 |
| Salix bonplandiana Kunth Red Willow USDA SABO |
Kawaiisu Food, Candy Sticky, sweet substance relished like candy and honey. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61 |
| Salix bonplandiana Kunth Red Willow USDA SABO |
Kawaiisu Other, Containers Twigs with leaves used as 'wrappers' to hold buckeye nuts and fish. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61 |
| Salix bonplandiana Kunth Red Willow USDA SABO |
Kawaiisu Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Used to make the bows and arrows for hunting small game and birds. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61 |
| Salix bonplandiana Kunth Red Willow USDA SABO |
Kawaiisu Other, Smoking Tools Twigs with leaves used as 'wrappers' to hold tobacco. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61 |
| Salix bonplandiana Kunth Red Willow USDA SABO |
Kawaiisu Other, Tools Used to make long needles for sewing tule into mats. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61 |
| Salix bonplandiana Kunth Red Willow USDA SABO |
Kawaiisu Other, Toys & Games Split stems used to make clappers and whistles. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 61 |
| Salix candida Fluegg‚ ex Willd. Sageleaf Willow USDA SACA4 |
Meskwaki Drug, Unspecified Compound used as a medicine. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 245 |
| Salix candida Fluegg‚ ex Willd. Sageleaf Willow USDA SACA4 |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Plant used for stomach troubles. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243 |
| Salix candida Fluegg‚ ex Willd. Sageleaf Willow USDA SACA4 |
Ojibwa Drug, Sedative Plant used for trembling. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243 |
| Salix candida Fluegg‚ ex Willd. Sageleaf Willow USDA SACA4 |
Ojibwa Drug, Stimulant Plant used for fainting. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243 |
| Salix candida Fluegg‚ ex Willd. Sageleaf Willow USDA SACA4 |
Ojibwa Drug, Unspecified Bark used for medicinal purposes. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243 |
| Salix candida Fluegg‚ ex Willd. Sageleaf Willow USDA SACA4 |
Ojibwa, South Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of inner bark taken for coughs. Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 200 |
| Salix caroliniana Michx. Coastal Plain Willow USDA SACA5 |
Houma Drug, Blood Medicine Decoction of roots and bark taken for 'feebleness' due to thin blood. Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 60 |
| Salix caroliniana Michx. Coastal Plain Willow USDA SACA5 |
Houma Drug, Febrifuge Decoction of roots and bark taken for fever. Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 60 |
| Salix caroliniana Michx. Coastal Plain Willow USDA SACA5 |
Seminole Drug, Analgesic Infusion of bark taken as an emetic for rainbow sickness: fever, stiff neck and backache. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 210 |
| Salix caroliniana Michx. Coastal Plain Willow USDA SACA5 |
Seminole Drug, Analgesic Infusion of bark taken as an emetic for thunder sickness: fever, dizziness, headache & diarrhea. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 213 |
| Salix caroliniana Michx. Coastal Plain Willow USDA SACA5 |
Seminole Drug, Analgesic Infusion of plant taken by men for menstruation sickness: stomachache, headache and body soreness. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 248 |
| Salix caroliniana Michx. Coastal Plain Willow USDA SACA5 |
Seminole Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion of bark taken as an emetic for thunder sickness: fever, dizziness, headache & diarrhea. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 213 |
| Salix caroliniana Michx. Coastal Plain Willow USDA SACA5 |
Seminole Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Cold infusion of plant used as a bath for body aches. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 215 |
| Salix caroliniana Michx. Coastal Plain Willow USDA SACA5 |
Seminole Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Plant used for fire sickness: fever and body aches. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 203 |
| Salix caroliniana Michx. Coastal Plain Willow USDA SACA5 |
Seminole Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Infusion of plant taken by men for menstruation sickness: stomachache, headache and body soreness. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 248 |