| Salix sp. |
Crow Drug, Emetic Stem tips formerly chewed as an emetic. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67 |
| Salix sp. |
Crow Drug, Oral Aid Bark chewed for tooth hygiene. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67 |
| Salix sp. |
Dakota Fiber, Building Material Poles used to sustain the thatch of the earth lodges and to form the frame of the bath lodges. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 73 |
| Salix sp. |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of wetted leaves applied to bee stings. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 192 |
| Salix sp. |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Food, Soup Leaves added to stews and soups. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 189 |
| Salix sp. |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Food, Unspecified Early leaves used for food. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 192 |
| Salix sp. |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Food, Unspecified Leaves eaten raw in spring. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 189 |
| Salix sp. |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Other, Cooking Tools Small branches used to string fish for drying. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 189 |
| Salix sp. |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Other, Fuel Wood used for firewood. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 189 |
| Salix sp. |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Other, Smoke Plant Dried leaves added to tobacco in place of shelf fungus. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 182 |
| Salix sp. |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Other, Snuff Ground galls used for snuff. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 192 |
| Salix sp. |
Eskimo, Western Drug, Antihemorrhagic Decoction of leaves or bark taken for lung hemorrhage. Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 24 |
| Salix sp. |
Eskimo, Western Drug, Oral Aid Decoction of inner bark used as a wash for mouth sores. Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 5, 6 |
| Salix sp. |
Eskimo, Western Drug, Preventive Medicine Leaves eaten in early summer to protect against disease. Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 43 |
| Salix sp. |
Eskimo, Western Drug, Pulmonary Aid Decoction of leaves or bark taken for lung hemorrhage. Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 24 |
| Salix sp. |
Eskimo, Western Drug, Pulmonary Aid Strong decoction of leaves or bark taken regularly for lung hemorrhage. Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 5, 6 |
| Salix sp. |
Eskimo, Western Drug, Throat Aid Decoction of bark gargled for sore throat. Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 5, 6 |
| Salix sp. |
Eskimo, Western Drug, Throat Aid Decoction of inner and outer bark gargled for sore throat. Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 23 |
| Salix sp. |
Flathead Drug, Dermatological Aid Bark chewed and used for cuts. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67 |
| Salix sp. |
Flathead Drug, Eye Medicine Leaves and young stem tips used to make an eyewash. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67 |
| Salix sp. |
Hopi Fiber, Building Material Used in roof construction. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 72 |
| Salix sp. |
Hopi Other, Ceremonial Items Occasionally used in ceremonies. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 72 |
| Salix sp. |
Hopi Other, Ceremonial Items Used to make prayersticks. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 72 |
| Salix sp. |
Hualapai Fiber, Basketry Used as the frame in coiled basketry. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 29 |
| Salix sp. |
Hualapai Fiber, Building Material Used to make shelters. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 29 |
| Salix sp. |
Hualapai Other, Fuel Used for firewood. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 29 |
| Salix sp. |
Iroquois Drug, Emetic Compound decoction taken to vomit during initial stages of consumption. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 294 |
| Salix sp. |
Iroquois Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Compound decoction taken to vomit during initial stages of consumption. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 294 |
| Salix sp. |
Isleta Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of leaves used as a skin bath. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 42 |
| Salix sp. |
Isleta Fiber, Basketry Twigs used to make baskets. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 42 |
| Salix sp. |
Isleta Fiber, Building Material Branches and leaves used for thatching houses. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 42 |
| Salix sp. |
Keresan Other, Ceremonial Items Used extensively in making prayer sticks. White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 564 |
| Salix sp. |
Kiowa Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Infusion of leaves used as a wash for rheumatic aches. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 19 |
| Salix sp. |
Kiowa Drug, Pulmonary Aid Infusion of leaves used as a wash for pneumonia. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 19 |
| Salix sp. |
Kiowa Drug, Toothache Remedy Bark chewed for toothaches. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 19 |
| Salix sp. |
Kiowa Fiber, Building Material Branches used in construction of summer shelters. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 19 |
| Salix sp. |
Kiowa Other, Protection Leafy stems used to make wreathes worn by the women and children as sunshades during long walks. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 19 |
| Salix sp. |
Klallam Drug, Throat Aid Decoction of bark taken for sore throats. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26 |
| Salix sp. |
Klallam Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26 |
| Salix sp. |
Klamath Fiber, Snow Gear Wood used to make frames for snowshoes. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 94 |
| Salix sp. |
Kwakiutl, Southern Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Bark used to make fishing line and reef nets. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 292 |
| Salix sp. |
Luiseno Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Plant used to make bows. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 233 |
| Salix sp. |
Maidu Fiber, Basketry Stalks used to make the coiled foundations and coarse twine in the manufacture of baskets. Swartz, Jr., B. K., 1958, A Study of Material Aspects of Northeastern Maidu Basketry, Kroeber Anthropological Society Publications 19:67-84, page 71 |
| Salix sp. |
Makah Drug, Unspecified Used for medicine. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 242 |
| Salix sp. |
Micmac Dye, Black Roots used to make a black dye. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 317 |
| Salix sp. |
Micmac Other, Smoke Plant Leaves used as tobacco. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
| Salix sp. |
Montagnais Dye, Black Roots used to make a black dye. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 317 |
| Salix sp. |
Montana Indian Fiber, Basketry Wood used to make baskets. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67 |
| Salix sp. |
Montana Indian Fiber, Cordage Wood used to make ropes. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67 |
| Salix sp. |
Montana Indian Fiber, Furniture Wood used to make backrests for tipis and cradleboards. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67 |