| Salix nigra Marsh. Black Willow USDA SANI |
Papago Fiber, Basketry Used for sewing coiled basketry. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 58 |
| Salix nigra Marsh. Black Willow USDA SANI |
Papago Fiber, Other Twigs used for curved structures in wrapped weaving. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 53 |
| Salix pedicellaris Pursh Bog Willow USDA SAPE2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Bark used for stomach troubles. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 388389 |
| Salix prolixa Anderss. Mackenzie's Willow USDA SAPR3 |
Blackfoot Other, Ceremonial Items Wood used to make ceremonial sticks. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32 |
| Salix prolixa Anderss. Mackenzie's Willow USDA SAPR3 |
Montana Indian Fiber, Sporting Equipment Younger stems used extensively for making walking sticks. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 23 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Alaska Native Food, Dietary Aid Leaves used as one of the richest sources of vitamin C. Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 61 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Alaska Native Food, Dietary Aid Shoots probably the first spring source of vitamin C. Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 61 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Alaska Native Food, Unspecified Shoots peeled and eaten raw. Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 61 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Alaska Native Food, Unspecified Young, tender leaves mixed with seal oil and eaten raw. Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 61 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Alaska Native Food, Winter Use Food Leaves mixed with seal oil and stored in barrels, kegs or seal pokes for winter use. Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 61 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Alaska Drug, Anesthetic Bark and leaves chewed to numb the mouth and throat. Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Alaska Drug, Eye Medicine 'Cotton' used to dry 'moist eyes.' Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Alaska Drug, Oral Aid Bark and leaves chewed for mouth sores. Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Alaska Food, Unspecified Cambium layer scraped off and eaten. Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 715 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Alaska Food, Unspecified Young leaves gathered in the spring and eaten raw with seal oil. Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Alaska Food, Vegetable Young shoots and catkins used fresh or in seal oil. Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 715 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Alaska Food, Winter Use Food Leaves soaked in seal oil and saved for future use. Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Alaska Food, Winter Use Food Young shoots and catkins stored in oil for winter use. Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 715 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Arctic Food, Unspecified Leaves used for food. Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 29 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Inupiat Drug, Oral Aid Leaves made the mouth smell good. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 10 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Beverage Dried leaves used to make tea. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 10 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Soup Dried leaves used in soups. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 10 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Vegetable Leaves used as greens in fresh salads. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 10 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Winter Use Food Leaves preserved in seal or fish oil or canned for winter use and eaten with meat or fish. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 10 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Nunivak Drug, Analgesic Infusion of leaves and bark used as an analgesic. Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 325 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Nunivak Drug, Oral Aid Plant chewed for sore mouth. Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 325 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Western Drug, Oral Aid Leaves chewed for mouth sores. Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 17 |
| Salix pyrifolia Anderss. Balsam Willow USDA SAPY |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Plant used for stomach troubles. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243 |
| Salix pyrifolia Anderss. Balsam Willow USDA SAPY |
Ojibwa Drug, Sedative Plant used for trembling. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243 |
| Salix pyrifolia Anderss. Balsam Willow USDA SAPY |
Ojibwa Drug, Stimulant Plant used for fainting. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243 |
| Salix pyrifolia Anderss. Balsam Willow USDA SAPY |
Ojibwa Drug, Unspecified Bark used for medicinal purposes. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Bella Coola Drug, Dermatological Aid Folded inner bark inserted in knife cuts and used for incisions. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 54 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Gosiute Fiber, Basketry Wood used to make baskets, fish weirs and water jugs. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 380 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Gosiute Other, Containers Wood used to make baskets and water jugs. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 380 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Gosiute Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make fish weirs. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 380 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Haisla Other, Toys & Games Whips used to lash opponents in the 'hoop and pole game.' In the Haisla 'hoop and pole game,' players attempted to spear a rolling hoop. If a player succeeded in spearing the hoop, he was lashed by his opponent with a willow whip. If, however, the spearman retrieved his spear, the hoop and the whip, his team would get the next throw of the hoop. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Cleaning Agent Leaves used to wipe slime from fish. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Containers Sticks used to string discoidal basaltic seaweed cooking stones when not being used. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Cooking Tools Branches used as barbecue racks for salmon. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Cooking Tools Leaves layered with salmon and western hemlock boughs to allow the fish to drain. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Withes used as fish stringers to transport fish downstream. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Walking Sticks Wood used to make walking sticks or canes. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Karok Other, Containers Roots used to make the fire hearth. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Karok Other, Tools Roots used to make the fire drill. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of inner cambium and powdered tree fungus applied to serious cuts. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Gynecological Aid Decoction of branches taken by women for several months after childbirth to increase the blood flow. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Gynecological Aid Shredded inner bark used for sanitary napkins to 'heal a woman's insides.' Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Hemostat Poultice of bark and sap applied as a wad to bleeding wounds. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Orthopedic Aid Poultice of damp inner bark applied to the skin over a broken bone. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Pediatric Aid Decoction of branches taken by women after childbirth and helped the baby through the breast milk. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |