| Salix sp. |
Montana Indian Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Wood used to make mattresses for tipis. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67 |
| Salix sp. |
Montana Indian Fiber, Snow Gear Wood used to make snowshoes. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67 |
| Salix sp. |
Montana Indian Other, Cooking Tools Wood used to make meat racks. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67 |
| Salix sp. |
Montana Indian Other, Fasteners Wood used to make pins and pegs for tipis. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67 |
| Salix sp. |
Montana Indian Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make fish and fox traps. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67 |
| Salix sp. |
Montana Indian Other, Musical Instrument Wood used to make drums. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67 |
| Salix sp. |
Montana Indian Other, Stable Gear Wood used to make stirrups and hoops for catching horses. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67 |
| Salix sp. |
Montana Indian Other, Tools Wood used to make scrapers for removing hair from hides. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67 |
| Salix sp. |
Montana Indian Other, Toys & Games Wood used to make gambling wheels. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67 |
| Salix sp. |
Montana Indian Other, Walking Sticks Wood used to make walking sticks. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67 |
| Salix sp. |
Navajo Fiber, Basketry Branches used to make permanent carrying baskets. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38 |
| Salix sp. |
Navajo Fiber, Cordage Branches used to make a braided strap worn across the forehead to support a water bottle. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38 |
| Salix sp. |
Navajo Fiber, Furniture Branches used to make cradle canopies. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38 |
| Salix sp. |
Navajo Other, Ceremonial Items Branches used to make prayersticks, prayerstick foundations and plumed wands. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38 |
| Salix sp. |
Navajo Other, Ceremonial Items Peeled sticks made into the talisman used in the Night Chant. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38 |
| Salix sp. |
Navajo Other, Ceremonial Items Sticks used for the Night Chant and Mountain Chant. For the first day's ceremony of the Mountain Chant, willow sticks were gathered to make the emblem of the concentration of the four winds. A square was made with these sticks, leaving the ends projecting at the corners. The square was then placed over the invalid's head. For the rite of charcoal painting in the Night chant, a quantity of willow sticks, together with several pieces of pine bark, were burned to charcoal. The ashes of two different kinds of weeds, together with the ashes of two small feathers, were then added to the fat of a goat, mountain sheep or other animal, made into balls and daubed on the usual parts of the body. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38 |
| Salix sp. |
Navajo Other, Containers Branches used to make or sew water bottles. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38 |
| Salix sp. |
Navajo Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Branches hardened by pounding with a stone and used to make lances. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38 |
| Salix sp. |
Navajo Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Branches used to make arrowshafts. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38 |
| Salix sp. |
Navajo Other, Tools Branches made into heddle sticks and used in weaving. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38 |
| Salix sp. |
Navajo Other, Tools Branches made into hoops and used inside the buckskin sack of a bellows. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38 |
| Salix sp. |
Nez Perce Drug, Emetic Formerly used as an emetic. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67 |
| Salix sp. |
Nez Perce Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Twigs used to 'clean out' the insides. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 67 |
| Salix sp. |
Nitinaht Other, Ceremonial Items Soft roots used by young boys and girls as pre-scrubbers in the first stage of adulthood training. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 127 |
| Salix sp. |
Ojibwa Drug, Respiratory Aid Heated poultice of inner bark applied to the throat for diphtheria. Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2302 |
| Salix sp. |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of inner cambium and powdered tree fungus applied to serious cuts. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix sp. |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Gynecological Aid Decoction of branches taken by women for several months after childbirth to increase the blood flow. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix sp. |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Gynecological Aid Shredded inner bark used for sanitary napkins to 'heal a woman's insides.' Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix sp. |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Hemostat Poultice of bark and sap applied as a wad to bleeding wounds. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix sp. |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Orthopedic Aid Poultice of damp inner bark applied to the skin over a broken bone. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix sp. |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Pediatric Aid Decoction of branches taken by women after childbirth and helped the baby through the breast milk. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix sp. |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Clothing Bark twisted into cord and used to make bags and dresses. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix sp. |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Containers Bark twisted into cord and used to make bags and dresses. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix sp. |
Omaha Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Plant used for the ritual of mourning. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 322 |
| Salix sp. |
Omaha Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Stems thrust in gashes on forearms of grieving young men at funeral ceremony. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 73, 74 |
| Salix sp. |
Omaha Fiber, Building Material Young poles used for the framework of the vapor bath lodges. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324 |
| Salix sp. |
Omaha Other, Ceremonial Items Stems used in funeral customs. The burial ceremony occurred four days after the death. The young men and friends of the family of the deceased accompanied the funeral party to the grave where they made parallel gashes in the skin of the forearm and thrust the willow stems into the gashes. The stems were bathed with the young men's blood who attested their sympathy to the living and sang the tribal Song to the Spirit. The song was one of cheer to the departing spirit and one of sympathy to the bereaved. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 73 |
| Salix sp. |
Paiute Drug, Antidiarrheal Burned root taken as pills or infusion of burned stems taken for diarrhea. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136 |
| Salix sp. |
Paiute Drug, Blood Medicine Decoction of root taken as a blood purifier. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136 |
| Salix sp. |
Paiute Drug, Cathartic Decoction of woody stems taken as a physic. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136 |
| Salix sp. |
Paiute Drug, Dermatological Aid Powder from dried, pulverized roots applied to syphilitic or purulent sores. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136 |
| Salix sp. |
Paiute Drug, Dermatological Aid Powder of dried, stem bark applied to infant's navel. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136 |
| Salix sp. |
Paiute Drug, Diuretic Infusion of burned stems taken by adults and children for 'failure to urinate.' Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136 |
| Salix sp. |
Paiute Drug, Laxative Infusion of young twigs with salt taken as a laxative. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136 |
| Salix sp. |
Paiute Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Infusion of burned stems taken by adults and children for intestinal influenza. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136 |
| Salix sp. |
Paiute Drug, Orthopedic Aid Compound decoction of roots taken for lumbago. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136 |
| Salix sp. |
Paiute Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of burned stems given to children for diarrhea. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136 |
| Salix sp. |
Paiute Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of burned stems taken by adults and children for 'failure to urinate.' Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136 |
| Salix sp. |
Paiute Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of burned stems taken by adults and children for intestinal influenza. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136 |
| Salix sp. |
Paiute Drug, Pediatric Aid Powder of dried, stem bark applied to infant's navel. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 133-136 |