| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Sikani Drug, Cough Medicine Inner bark chewed for a cough. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52 |
| Picea sp. Spruce |
Iroquois Drug, Cough Medicine Compound decoction taken for coughs. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 268 |
| Picrothamnus desertorum Nutt. Bud Sagebrush USDA PIDE4 |
Paiute Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of root taken for coughs. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 43, 44 |
| Picrothamnus desertorum Nutt. Bud Sagebrush USDA PIDE4 |
Paiute Drug, Pulmonary Aid Decoction of root taken for chest congestion, coughs or colds. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 43, 44 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Blackfoot Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Infusion of pitch taken for tubercular coughs. Here is a fine example of the origin and use of a 'personal medicine' which was later expanded to include general therapeutic practice. There was once a woman named Last Calf who was riddled with tuberculosis. While she and her husband were camped near a beaver lodge, she noticed the animal's tracks in the mud and left some food for it. The beaver took the gift and returned the favor by appearing to her in a vision. He gave her a cure for tuberculosis. She was to collect the pitch of the lodgepole pine, boil it in water and drink the infusion while uttering a special song. (The song had no words.) Last Calf's husband was alarmed at this treatment and cautioned her against poisoning but she went ahead and drank the brew. She said she felt as though she were going to die and began vomiting profusely. She drank again with the same result, but the next morning her chest was cleared as never before. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 73 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Eskimo, Alaska Drug, Cough Medicine Juice taken for coughs. Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 331 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Kwakiutl Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of buds and pitch taken for coughs. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 269 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Okanagon Drug, Cough Medicine Gum used for coughs. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Shuswap Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of inner bark taken for coughs. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Sikani Drug, Cough Medicine Pitch chewed and saliva swallowed for a cough. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 49, 50 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Thompson Drug, Cough Medicine Gum used for coughs. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40 |
| Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Thompson Drug, Cough Medicine Salve of boiled sap and grease used for coughs. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 461 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Cough Medicine Compound decoction used for cough. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 12, 13 |
| Pinus flexilis James Limber Pine USDA PIFL2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Cough Medicine Plant used as a cough medicine. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Cough Medicine Syrup taken by pregnant women with cough. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Gynecological Aid Syrup taken by pregnant women with cough and poultice used for swollen breasts. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m. Singleleaf Pinyon USDA PIMOM2 |
Shoshoni Drug, Cough Medicine Compound decoction of pitch taken for coughs. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 117118 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Hoh Drug, Cough Medicine Gum used for coughs. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 58 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Cough Medicine Pitch used for coughs. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Quileute Drug, Cough Medicine Gum used for coughs. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 58 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Cough Medicine Compound decoction of needles taken for bad coughs and fever. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13, 14 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Febrifuge Compound decoction of needles taken for fever and bad cough. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13, 14 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Abnaki Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of bark and another plant used for coughs. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 163 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Iroquois Drug, Cold Remedy Compound decoction taken for colds, coughs and rheumatism. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 264 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Iroquois Drug, Cough Medicine Compound decoction or infusion taken for colds, coughs or rheumatism. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 264 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Micmac Drug, Cough Medicine Bark, leaves and stems used for coughs. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 59 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Mohegan Drug, Cold Remedy Bark, sap or gum used for coughs, colds and boils. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 130 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Mohegan Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of bark taken for coughs and colds. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 269 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Mohegan Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of bark used for stubborn cough and pitch chewed for cough. Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Mohegan Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of dried inner bark used as a cough remedy. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 74, 130 |
| Pinus strobus L. Eastern White Pine USDA PIST |
Shinnecock Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of bark used for stubborn cough and pitch chewed for cough. Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121 |
| Pinus virginiana P. Mill. Virginia Pine USDA PIVI2 |
Cherokee Drug, Cough Medicine Syrup taken by pregnant women with cough. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus virginiana P. Mill. Virginia Pine USDA PIVI2 |
Cherokee Drug, Gynecological Aid Syrup taken by pregnant women with cough and poultice used for swollen breasts. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Plantago major L. Common Plantain USDA PLMA2 |
Carrier Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of plant taken for coughs. Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 86 |
| Platanus occidentalis L. American Sycamore USDA PLOC |
Cherokee Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of inner bark taken for cough. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 58 |
| Polygala cornuta Kellogg Sierran Milkwort USDA POCOC |
Miwok Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction used for coughs. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 172 |
| Polygala polygama Walt. Racemed Milkwort USDA POPO |
Montagnais Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of plant used as a cough medicine. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 314 |
| Polygala senega L. Seneca Snakeroot USDA POSE3 |
Ojibwa, South Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of root used for cough. Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 199 |
| Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell. King Solomon's Seal USDA POBIC |
Ojibwa Drug, Cathartic Root used as a physic and decoction used as cough remedy. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 374 |
| Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell. King Solomon's Seal USDA POBIC |
Ojibwa Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of root used as a cough remedy and root used as a physic. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 374 |
| Polygonum alpinum All. Alaska Wild Rhubarb USDA POAL11 |
Tanana, Upper Drug, Cough Medicine Raw roots and stem bases chewed for coughs. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 15 |
| Polygonum virginianum L. Jumpseed USDA POVI2 |
Cherokee Drug, Pulmonary Aid Hot infusion of leaves with bark of honey locust given for whooping cough. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 42 |
| Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat. Licorice Fern USDA POGL8 |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Drug, Cough Medicine Rhizomes used for coughs. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 158 |
| Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat. Licorice Fern USDA POGL8 |
Hesquiat Drug, Cough Medicine Long, slender rhizomes eaten as a medicine for coughs. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 30 |
| Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat. Licorice Fern USDA POGL8 |
Kitasoo Drug, Cough Medicine Rhizomes used for coughs. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 312 |
| Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat. Licorice Fern USDA POGL8 |
Nitinaht Drug, Cough Medicine Licorice flavored rhizomes chewed and juice swallowed for coughs. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 64 |
| Polypodium glycyrrhiza D.C. Eat. Licorice Fern USDA POGL8 |
Oweekeno Drug, Cough Medicine Rhizomes chewed for coughs. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 59 |
| Polypodium virginianum L. Rock Polypody USDA POVI7 |
Green River Group Drug, Cough Medicine Baked or raw roots used as a cough medicine. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 13 |
| Polypodium virginianum L. Rock Polypody USDA POVI7 |
Klallam Drug, Cough Medicine Baked or raw roots used as a cough medicine. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 13 |
| Polypodium virginianum L. Rock Polypody USDA POVI7 |
Makah Drug, Cough Medicine Peeled stems chewed for coughs. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 13 |