| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of bark and sometimes wood taken for coughs. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 21 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Iroquois Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction taken straight or diluted with alcohol for coughs. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 269 |
| Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. Balsam Fir USDA ABBA |
Ojibwa Drug, Cough Medicine Plant used as a cough medicine. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244 |
| Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. Fraser's Fir USDA ABFR |
Cherokee Drug, Pulmonary Aid 'Balsam for breast and lung complaints with pain, soreness or cough.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Kwakiutl Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of pitch taken for coughs and tuberculosis. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 268 |
| Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. Grand Fir USDA ABGRG |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of bark taken for bad coughs. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Blackfoot Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Infusion of needles taken for coughing up blood, a sign of tuberculosis. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 70 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Crow Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of crushed needles taken for coughs. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 2 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Gitksan Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of bark or inner bark used for coughs. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of bark taken for bad coughs. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 23 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Thompson Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of bark taken over a period of time for bad coughs. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 97 |
| Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Subalpine Fir USDA ABLAL |
Wet'suwet'en Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of bark or inner bark used for coughs. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Abies procera Rehd. Noble Fir USDA ABPR |
Paiute Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of leaves taken as cough medicine. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 45 |
| Acer alba L. White Maple |
Micmac Drug, Cough Medicine Bark used as a cough remedy. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53 |
| Acer pensylvanicum L. Striped Maple USDA ACPE |
Micmac Drug, Cough Medicine Bark used for coughs. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53 |
| Acer saccharinum L. Silver Maple USDA ACSA2 |
Mohegan Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of bark, removed from south side of tree, taken for cough. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 269 |
| Acer saccharum Marsh. Sugar Maple USDA ACSAS |
Mohegan Drug, Cough Medicine Inner bark used as a cough remedy. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 69, 128 |
| Acer spicatum Lam. Mountain Maple USDA ACSP2 |
Potawatomi Drug, Cough Medicine Compound containing inner bark used as cough syrup. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 37 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Cheyenne Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of fresh or dried plant taken for coughs. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 17 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Hesquiat Drug, Cough Medicine Leaves chewed and the juice swallowed for prolonged cough. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 61 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Paiute, Northern Drug, Cough Medicine Leaves soaked and used for coughs. Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 128 |
| Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC. Western Yarrow USDA ACMIO |
Cheyenne Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of dried, pounded plant taken for coughs. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 189 |
| Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC. Western Yarrow USDA ACMIO |
Paiute Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of leaves taken as a cough medicine. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 118 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of ground roots and choke cherry taken for coughs. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 135 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Chippewa Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of plants taken for coughs. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 124 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Antihemorrhagic Decoction of rootstocks used for coughing up blood. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Cough Medicine Dried rootstock chewed for coughs. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Cough Medicine Rootstock chewed for coughs from colds. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Pulmonary Aid Decoction of rootstocks used for whooping cough. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 24 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Dakota Drug, Cough Medicine Rootstock chewed as a cough remedy. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Delaware Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of roots used for coughs. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 37 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of root taken for coughs, colds and suppressed menses. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 31 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Lakota Drug, Cough Medicine Roots chewed for coughs. Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 48 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Meskwaki Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of root taken for cough. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 202 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Micmac Drug, Cough Medicine Root used for coughs. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 53, 54 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Omaha Drug, Cough Medicine Rootstock chewed as a cough remedy. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Pawnee Drug, Cough Medicine Rootstock chewed as a cough remedy. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Ponca Drug, Cough Medicine Rootstock chewed as a cough remedy. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Winnebago Drug, Cough Medicine Rootstock chewed as a cough remedy. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 69, 70 |
| Actaea pachypoda Ell. White Baneberry USDA ACPA |
Blackfoot Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of root used for colds and coughs. McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275 |
| Actaea pachypoda Ell. White Baneberry USDA ACPA |
Blackfoot Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of root used for coughs and colds. McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275 |
| Actaea racemosa var. racemosa Black Bugbane |
Cherokee Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion taken for coughs. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 30 |
| Actaea racemosa var. racemosa Black Bugbane |
Cherokee Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Infusion taken for colds, coughs, 'consumption' and constipation. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 30 |
| Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd. Red Baneberry USDA ACRUR2 |
Blackfoot Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of roots taken for coughs. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 34 |
| Actaea rubra ssp. arguta (Nutt.) Hult‚n Red Baneberry USDA ACRUA8 |
Blackfoot Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of root used for colds and coughs. McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275 |
| Actaea rubra ssp. arguta (Nutt.) Hult‚n Red Baneberry USDA ACRUA8 |
Blackfoot Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of root used for coughs and colds. McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 275 |
| Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze Blue Giant Hyssop USDA AGFO |
Cheyenne Drug, Analgesic Infusion of leaves used for chest pains from coughing. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 186 |
| Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze Blue Giant Hyssop USDA AGFO |
Cheyenne Drug, Pulmonary Aid Cold infusion of leaves taken for chest pains caused by coughing. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 186 |
| Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze Blue Giant Hyssop USDA AGFO |
Chippewa Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of root taken for cough of 'an internal cold.' Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 340 |
| Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze Blue Giant Hyssop USDA AGFO |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Antihemorrhagic Infusion of stem, leaves and other plants taken for coughing up blood. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 26 |