| Juniperus virginiana L. Eastern Redcedar USDA JUVIV |
Ponca Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of fruits and leaves taken for coughs. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64 |
| Juniperus virginiana L. Eastern Redcedar USDA JUVIV |
Ponca Drug, Veterinary Aid Decoction of fruits and leaves given to horses for coughs. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63, 64 |
| Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola (Small) J. Silba Southern Redcedar USDA JUVIS |
Seminole Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of leaves and bark taken and steam inhaled for coughs. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 279 |
| Krameria grayi Rose & Painter White Ratany USDA KRGR |
Pima Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of roots taken for coughs. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 91 |
| Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch Tamarack USDA LALA |
Abnaki Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of plant and bark from another plant used for coughs. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 163 |
| Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch Tamarack USDA LALA |
Abnaki Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of bark and roots from other plants taken for persistent coughs. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 163 |
| Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch Tamarack USDA LALA |
Abnaki Drug, Cough Medicine Used for coughs. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 154 |
| Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch Tamarack USDA LALA |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Cough Medicine Needles and inner bark used for cough medicine. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 127 |
| Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch Tamarack USDA LALA |
Iroquois Drug, Cough Medicine Compound decoction taken for coughs. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 268 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Nez Perce Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of bark used for coughs. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 22 |
| Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western Larch USDA LAOC |
Thompson Drug, Cough Medicine Branches used for dry coughs. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 99 |
| Ledum groenlandicum Oeder Bog Labradortea USDA LEGR |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Pulmonary Aid Decoction of plant and calamus used for whooping cough. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 42 |
| Ledum palustre L. Marsh Labradortea USDA LEPAD |
Tanana, Upper Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of stems and leaves taken for coughs. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 16 |
| Ligusticum canbyi (Coult. & Rose) Coult. & Rose Canby's Licoriceroot USDA LICA2 |
Crow Drug, Cough Medicine Roots chewed for coughs. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 24 |
| Ligusticum filicinum S. Wats. Fernleaf Licoriceroot USDA LIFI |
Paiute Drug, Cough Medicine Root used in a cough remedy. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 100101 |
| Ligusticum grayi Coult. & Rose Gray's Licoriceroot USDA LIGR |
Atsugewi Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of root taken or roots chewed for coughs. Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 140 |
| Lilium philadelphicum L. Wood Lily USDA LIPHP |
Malecite Drug, Cough Medicine Roots used with roots of blackberry and mountain raspberry, staghorn sumac for coughs. Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 251 |
| Lilium philadelphicum L. Wood Lily USDA LIPHP |
Micmac Drug, Cough Medicine Roots used for coughs. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 58 |
| Linanthus ciliatus (Benth.) Greene Whiskerbrush USDA LICIC |
Pomo, Calpella Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of plant given to children for coughs. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 381 |
| Linanthus ciliatus (Benth.) Greene Whiskerbrush USDA LICIC |
Pomo, Calpella Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of plant given to children for coughs and colds. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 381 |
| Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume Northern Spicebush USDA LIBEB |
Cherokee Drug, Cough Medicine Taken for coughs. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56 |
| Linum usitatissimum L. Common Flax USDA LIUS |
Cherokee Drug, Cold Remedy Taken for 'violent colds, coughs and diseases of lungs.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34 |
| Linum usitatissimum L. Common Flax USDA LIUS |
Cherokee Drug, Cough Medicine Taken for 'violent colds, coughs and diseases of lungs.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34 |
| Linum usitatissimum L. Common Flax USDA LIUS |
Cherokee Drug, Pulmonary Aid Taken for 'violent colds, coughs and diseases of lungs.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 34 |
| Liriodendron tulipifera L. Tuliptree USDA LITU |
Cherokee Drug, Cough Medicine Bark used in cough syrup. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 50 |
| Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd. Tanoak USDA LIDED2 |
Pomo, Kashaya Drug, Cough Medicine Acorns, the tannin soothed the cough, used as cough drops. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 83 |
| Lithospermum incisum Lehm. Narrowleaf Gromwell USDA LIIN2 |
Navajo Drug, Cough Medicine Plant chewed for coughs. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 71 |
| Lithospermum incisum Lehm. Narrowleaf Gromwell USDA LIIN2 |
Navajo Drug, Cough Medicine Plant used for coughs. Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 161 |
| Lobelia siphilitica L. Great Blue Lobelia USDA LOSIS2 |
Iroquois Drug, Cough Medicine Plant used as a gargle for coughs. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 454 |
| Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance Carrotleaf Biscuitroot USDA LODIM |
Great Basin Indian Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of roots taken for coughs. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 49 |
| Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance Carrotleaf Biscuitroot USDA LODIM |
Paiute Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of root taken as a cough remedy. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 97-100 |
| Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance Carrotleaf Biscuitroot USDA LODIM |
Shoshoni Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of root taken as a cough remedy. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 97-100 |
| Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance Carrotleaf Biscuitroot USDA LODIM |
Washo Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of root taken as a cough remedy. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 97-100 |
| Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose Barestem Biscuitroot USDA LONU2 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Cough Medicine Seeds kept in the mouth and the saliva swallowed to loosen the phlegm for hoarseness and coughs. Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 381 |
| Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose Barestem Biscuitroot USDA LONU2 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Cough Medicine Seeds sucked for coughs. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 276 |
| Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose Barestem Biscuitroot USDA LONU2 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Throat Aid Seeds kept in the mouth and the saliva swallowed to loosen the phlegm for hoarseness and coughs. Boas, Franz, 1966, Kwakiutl Ethnography, Chicago. University of Chicago Press, page 381 |
| Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng. Twinberry Honeysuckle USDA LOINI |
Bella Coola Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of bark taken for cough. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 63 |
| Lonicera involucrata Banks ex Spreng. Twinberry Honeysuckle USDA LOINI |
Nuxalkmc Drug, Cough Medicine Leaves or bark used for coughs. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 229 |
| Lonicera sp. Honeysuckle |
Costanoan Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of dried fruit used as a cough syrup. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 24 |
| Lotus scoparius (Nutt.) Ottley Common Deerweed USDA LOSCS2 |
Costanoan Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of foliage used for coughs. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 19 |
| Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hook. Rush Skeletonplant USDA LYJU |
Blackfoot Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of stems taken for burning coughs. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 72 |
| Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hook. Rush Skeletonplant USDA LYJU |
Blackfoot Drug, Veterinary Aid Infusion of plant given to horses with coughs. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 89 |
| Machaeranthera grindelioides var. grindelioides Rayless Aster USDA MAGRG |
Hopi Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of root taken for cough. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 35, 94 |
| Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don Oregongrape USDA MARE11 |
Blackfoot Drug, Veterinary Aid Berries mixed with water and given to horses with coughs. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 88 |
| Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don Oregongrape USDA MARE11 |
Flathead Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of roots used for coughs. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 18 |
| Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don Oregongrape USDA MARE11 |
Paiute Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of root, sometimes with whiskey, taken for coughs. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 51, 52 |
| Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don Oregongrape USDA MARE11 |
Shoshoni Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of root, sometimes with whiskey, taken for coughs. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 51, 52 |
| Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don Oregongrape USDA MARE11 |
Tolowa Drug, Cough Medicine Roots used in a concoction for coughs. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 38 |
| Mahonia sp. Oregon Grape |
Quinault Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of roots taken for coughs. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 30 |
| Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum Feather Solomon's Seal USDA MARAR |
Mohegan Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of leaves used as a cough remedy. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 75, 132 |