| Pinus contorta var. contorta Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Tsimshian Other, Protection Branches used by hunters as shelter to discourage and repel animals. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 318 |
| Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Wats. Tall Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOL |
Blackfoot Fiber, Building Material Wood used to make tipi frames. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 18 |
| Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Wats. Tall Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOL |
Thompson Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make a leister pole. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102 |
| Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. Murray Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOM |
Dakota Fiber, Building Material Tree used for tipi poles. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63 |
| Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. Murray Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOM |
Klamath Drug, Eye Medicine Pitch placed inside the lid for sore eyes. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 89 |
| Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. Murray Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOM |
Klamath Fiber, Canoe Material Peeled sapling used to make poles to propel canoes. Coville, Frederick V., 1904, Wokas, a Primitive Food of the Klamath Indians., Smithsonian Institution, US. National Museum., page 728 |
| Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. Murray Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOM |
Klamath Fiber, Canoe Material Trunk used to make poles to push boats through shallow water. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 89 |
| Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. Murray Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOM |
Klamath Other, Containers Bark used to make buckets for gathering berries. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 89 |
| Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. Murray Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOM |
Montana Indian Fiber, Basketry Young bark used to make baskets. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 18 |
| Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. Murray Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOM |
Montana Indian Fiber, Building Material Smaller trees stripped of the bark and used for lodge poles and extensively for lumber. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 18 |
| Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. Murray Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOM |
Montana Indian Food, Starvation Food Inner cambium layer of the bark eaten in times of scarcity. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 18 |
| Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. Murray Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOM |
Okanagon Food, Unspecified Cambium layer and sap used for food. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38 |
| Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. Murray Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOM |
Paiute Fiber, Building Material Barkless trunks used as tipi poles. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 41 |
| Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. Murray Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOM |
Thompson Fiber, Building Material Trunk used as a favorite for building. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496 |
| Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. Murray Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOM |
Thompson Fiber, Scouring Material Pitch mixed with grease and used for smoothing and polishing steatite pipes. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496 |
| Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. Murray Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOM |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Cambium layer and sap used for food. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38 |
| Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. Murray Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOM |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Sap eaten especially in the spring. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 483 |
| Pinus coulteri D. Don Coulter's Pine USDA PICO3 |
Diegueno Fiber, Basketry Needles used in making baskets. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 29 |
| Pinus echinata P. Mill. Shortleaf Pine USDA PIEC2 |
Cherokee Fiber, Building Material Wood used for lumber. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus echinata P. Mill. Shortleaf Pine USDA PIEC2 |
Cherokee Fiber, Canoe Material Wood used to make thirty to forty foot long canoes. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus echinata P. Mill. Shortleaf Pine USDA PIEC2 |
Cherokee Other, Decorations Wood used to carve. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus echinata P. Mill. Shortleaf Pine USDA PIEC2 |
Choctaw Drug, Anthelmintic Cold infusion of buds taken for worms. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 5 |
| Pinus echinata P. Mill. Shortleaf Pine USDA PIEC2 |
Nanticoke Drug, Analgesic 'Pellets of tar' considered 'beneficial for soreness of the back.' Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 55 |
| Pinus echinata P. Mill. Shortleaf Pine USDA PIEC2 |
Nanticoke Drug, Cathartic 'Pellets of tar' used as a cathartic. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 55, 84 |
| Pinus echinata P. Mill. Shortleaf Pine USDA PIEC2 |
Nanticoke Drug, Orthopedic Aid 'Pellets of tar' considered 'beneficial for soreness of the back.' Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 55 |
| Pinus echinata P. Mill. Shortleaf Pine USDA PIEC2 |
Rappahannock Drug, Dermatological Aid Compound infusion or decoction of top branches used as wash for swellings. Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 27 |
| Pinus echinata P. Mill. Shortleaf Pine USDA PIEC2 |
Rappahannock Drug, Emetic Compound with grated dried bark taken to induce vomiting. Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 27 |
| Pinus echinata P. Mill. Shortleaf Pine USDA PIEC2 |
Rappahannock Drug, Veterinary Aid Compound with dried bark fed to dogs with distemper to induce vomiting. Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 27 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Havasupai Food, Spice Sprigs placed in the cooking pit with porcupine, bobcat or badger to improve the taste of the meat. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205 |
| Pinus elliottii Engelm. Slash Pine USDA PIELE2 |
Seminole Drug, Analgesic Decoction of wood bits or bark applied externally as an analgesic. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 167 |
| Pinus elliottii Engelm. Slash Pine USDA PIELE2 |
Seminole Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Decoction of wood or bark used as a bath for aches and pains. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 286 |
| Pinus elliottii Engelm. Slash Pine USDA PIELE2 |
Seminole Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of roots and buds used for ballgame sickness: sores, back or limb pains and hemorrhoids. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 269 |
| Pinus elliottii Engelm. Slash Pine USDA PIELE2 |
Seminole Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of wood or bark used as a bath for sores and cuts. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 286 |
| Pinus elliottii Engelm. Slash Pine USDA PIELE2 |
Seminole Drug, Hemorrhoid Remedy Decoction of roots and buds used for ballgame sickness: sores, back or limb pains and hemorrhoids. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 269 |
| Pinus elliottii Engelm. Slash Pine USDA PIELE2 |
Seminole Drug, Orthopedic Aid Decoction of roots and buds used for ballgame sickness: sores, back or limb pains and hemorrhoids. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 269 |
| Pinus elliottii Engelm. Slash Pine USDA PIELE2 |
Seminole Fiber, Basketry Plant used to make baskets. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 480 |
| Pinus elliottii Engelm. Slash Pine USDA PIELE2 |
Seminole Fiber, Building Material Plant used to make houses. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 480 |
| Pinus elliottii Engelm. Slash Pine USDA PIELE2 |
Seminole Fiber, Furniture Plant used to make Bighouse seats. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 480 |
| Pinus elliottii Engelm. Slash Pine USDA PIELE2 |
Seminole Other, Ceremonial Items Plant used for religious scarification. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 480 |
| Pinus elliottii Engelm. Slash Pine USDA PIELE2 |
Seminole Other, Fasteners Plant used to make arrow point glue. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 480 |
| Pinus elliottii Engelm. Slash Pine USDA PIELE2 |
Seminole Other, Hide Preparation Plant used for tanning. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 480 |
| Pinus elliottii Engelm. Slash Pine USDA PIELE2 |
Seminole Other, Lighting Plant used to make torches. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 480 |
| Pinus elliottii Engelm. Slash Pine USDA PIELE2 |
Seminole Other, Toys & Games Plant used to make ball poles. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 480 |
| Pinus flexilis James Limber Pine USDA PIFL2 |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Unspecified Seeds roasted and hulled or sometimes the seeds ground, shell and all and eaten. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 43 |
| Pinus flexilis James Limber Pine USDA PIFL2 |
Montana Indian Food, Unspecified Nuts were an important article of food. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 18 |
| Pinus flexilis James Limber Pine USDA PIFL2 |
Navajo Other, Ceremonial Items Wood used to make the small bow and arrow used in the Witch and Shooting Chants. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 23 |
| Pinus flexilis James Limber Pine USDA PIFL2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13 |
| Pinus flexilis James Limber Pine USDA PIFL2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Cough Medicine Plant used as a cough medicine. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13 |
| Pinus flexilis James Limber Pine USDA PIFL2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Emetic Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13 |
| Pinus flexilis James Limber Pine USDA PIFL2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Febrifuge Plant used as medicine for fever. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13 |