| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Miwok Food, Unspecified Pulverized nut shells and meat made into peanut butter and used for feasts. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 151 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Miwok Food, Unspecified Shelled nut meats used for food. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 150 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Pomo Drug, Unspecified Sugar found in bark wounds ground up, molded into cakes and used as a medicine. Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 79 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Pomo Food, Unspecified Nuts rarely used for food. Barrett, S. A., 1952, Material Aspects of Pomo Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20, page 79 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Pomo Food, Unspecified Nuts used for food. Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Pomo Food, Unspecified Pitch used for food. Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Pomo, Kashaya Food, Candy Pitch chewed for gum. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 93 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Pomo, Kashaya Food, Sweetener Pitch tasted sweet like candy. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 93 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Pomo, Kashaya Food, Unspecified Nuts, inside the cone, eaten fresh. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 93 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Pomo, Kashaya Food, Winter Use Food Nuts, inside the cone, dried for winter use. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 93 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Toys & Games Pitch used in whistles. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 93 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Shasta Food, Bread & Cake Nuts dried, powdered, made into small cakes and eaten with a very thin mush made of grass seeds. Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Shasta Food, Dried Food Nuts dried and eaten. Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Shasta Food, Unspecified Whole nuts mixed with powdered salmon and eaten. Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Yuki Food, Candy Sweet exudation chewed as gum. Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 88 |
| Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fr‚m. Singleleaf Pinyon USDA PIMOM2 |
Havasupai Food, Spice Sprigs placed in the cooking pit with porcupine, bobcat or badger to improve the taste of the meat. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Hoh Drug, Cough Medicine Gum used for coughs. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 58 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Cough Medicine Pitch used for coughs. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Dermatological Aid Pitch used for sores. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Pitch used for stomachaches. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Reproductive Aid Gum chewed by women for fertility and by girls to become pregnant without sex. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Lummi Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Mahuna Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Plant used for rheumatism. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 60 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Nitinaht Drug, Dermatological Aid Pitch mixed with melted deer tallow and used as a skin cosmetic. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 73 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Nitinaht Other, Ceremonial Items Wood used to make small totem poles and model canoes. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 73 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Nitinaht Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Pitch used as protective coating for whaling and fishing equipment. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 73 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Canoe Material Bark used to make sturgeon nosed canoes. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Paiute Food, Unspecified Nuts served as a minor source of subsistence. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Paiute Other, Ceremonial Items Green branch thrown into the fire and rain will come. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Quileute Drug, Cough Medicine Gum used for coughs. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 58 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Quinault Drug, Blood Medicine Infusion of bark taken to purify the blood. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Quinault Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of bark taken for stomach disorders. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Salish, Coast Food, Dried Food Inner bark dried in cakes and used for food. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Salish, Coast Food, Unspecified Inner bark eaten fresh. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Salish, Coast Other, Fasteners Pitch used to fasten arrowheads onto shafts. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Shuswap Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Bark used for tuberculosis. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Shuswap Food, Unspecified Cones used for food. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Skagit Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Decoction of young shoots used as a soak for rheumatism. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Skagit Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of bark used for cuts and sores. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Skagit Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Skagit Fiber, Canoe Material Used rarely to make light dugouts. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Thompson Drug, Panacea Infusion of boughs used for any kind of illness by old people. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 103 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Thompson Drug, Unspecified Pitch used medicinally. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 103 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Gummy substance collected from trunk and branches and chewed. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 493 |
| Pinus muricata D. Don Bishop Pine USDA PIMUM |
Pomo Fiber, Basketry Root used in basketry. Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11 |
| Pinus muricata D. Don Bishop Pine USDA PIMUM |
Pomo Other, Fuel Wood used for firewood. Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 11 |
| Pinus muricata D. Don Bishop Pine USDA PIMUM |
Pomo, Kashaya Food, Unspecified Nuts eaten fresh. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 92 |
| Pinus muricata D. Don Bishop Pine USDA PIMUM |
Pomo, Kashaya Food, Winter Use Food Nuts dried for winter use. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 92 |
| Pinus muricata D. Don Bishop Pine USDA PIMUM |
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Fasteners Pitch used like glue. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 92 |
| Pinus muricata D. Don Bishop Pine USDA PIMUM |
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Roots used in making fish traps. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 92 |