| Pinus flexilis James Limber Pine USDA PIFL2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Hunting Medicine Plant smoked by hunters for 'good luck.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 13 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Anthelmintic Given for worms. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Antidiarrheal Bark chewed 'to check bowels.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Oil used to bathe painful joints. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Syrup taken for chronic rheumatism. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion, steam and oil used in various ways as cold remedy. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Cough Medicine Syrup taken by pregnant women with cough. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of tar used on scaldhead, tetterworm, stone bruises and ulcers. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Febrifuge Compound infusion of needles to 'break out fever.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Taken for colics and gout. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Gynecological Aid Compound infusion of needles for 'child-bed-fevers.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Gynecological Aid Syrup taken by pregnant women with cough and poultice used for swollen breasts. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Hemorrhoid Remedy Compound infusion of root taken for piles. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Kidney Aid Taken for 'weak back or kidneys.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Laxative Taken as a gentle laxative. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Taken for gout, to break out measles and for complications from mumps. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Orthopedic Aid Taken for 'weak back or kidneys.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Other Skim turpentine off root decoction and use on deer's skin for drawing plaster. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Respiratory Aid Compound infusion of needles in apple juice taken by ball players 'for wind.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Respiratory Aid Syrup taken for 'catarrh (ulcer of the lungs).' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Sedative Given for hysterics. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Stimulant Compound infusion of root taken as a stimulant. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Tar used for consumption. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Urinary Aid Syrup used as poultice for swollen testicles caused by mumps. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Drug, Venereal Aid Syrup taken for chronic rheumatism and venereal disease. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine USDA PIGL2 |
Cherokee Other, Incense & Fragrance Needles or gum used to scent soap. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf. Jeffrey Pine USDA PIJE |
Diegueno Fiber, Basketry Needles used in making baskets. Butt ends of the needle clusters were left protruding on the outside of the basket as a decorative touch. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 29 |
| Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf. Jeffrey Pine USDA PIJE |
Diegueno Fiber, Building Material Bark used to make shelters for those gathering acorns in the mountains. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 29 |
| Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf. Jeffrey Pine USDA PIJE |
Paiute, Northern Food, Candy Sap crystallized, gathered and eaten like candy. Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 53 |
| Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf. Jeffrey Pine USDA PIJE |
Paiute, Northern Food, Winter Use Food Sap crystallized, gathered and stored for winter use. Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 53 |
| Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf. Jeffrey Pine USDA PIJE |
Paiute, Northern Other, Cash Crop Sap crystallized, gathered and sold. Fowler, Catherine S., 1989, Willards Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933-1940, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 53 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Karok Fiber, Building Material Wood used for building sweathouses. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 378 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Karok Food, Unspecified Coagulated sap gathered from hollow trees and eaten without preparation or mixing with other foods. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 378 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Karok Food, Unspecified Nuts roasted and used for food. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 378 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Karok Food, Unspecified Roasted seeds used for food. The cones were placed in a trench and covered with dirt. A fire was built on top. After roasting, the cones were broken open to release the seeds. Some were stored over winter. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 44 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Karok Food, Winter Use Food Nuts roasted and stored for winter use. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 378 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Karok Food, Winter Use Food Roasted seeds stored for winter use. The cones were placed in a trench and covered with dirt. A fire was built on top. After roasting, the cones were broken open to release the seeds. Some were stored over winter. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 44 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Karok Other, Fasteners Pitch used as an adhesive. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 378 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Karok Other, Jewelry Seeds used as beads in jewelry. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 44 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Kawaiisu Drug, Carminative Dried sap powder eaten for stomach gas. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 50 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Kawaiisu Drug, Eye Medicine Powdered sap and milk used as drops for sore eyes and gives infants good eyes. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 50 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Kawaiisu Drug, Laxative Dried sap powder eaten to loosen the bowels. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 50 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Kawaiisu Drug, Pediatric Aid Powdered sap and milk used as drops for sore eyes and gives infants good eyes. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 50 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Kawaiisu Food, Sweetener Sap, drained through a hole cut into the tree, dried into a 'powdered sugar' and eaten. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 50 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Kawaiisu Food, Unspecified Seeds eaten raw, roasted, parched, boiled or pounded and mixed with cold water. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 50 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Klamath Food, Unspecified Seeds used for food. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 88 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Mendocino Indian Drug, Cathartic Plant used as a cathartic. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 306 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Mendocino Indian Food, Unspecified Nuts used for food. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 306 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Miwok Drug, Eye Medicine Sugar pine sugar used as a wash for sore or blind eyes. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 151 |
| Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine USDA PILA |
Miwok Food, Sweetener Sugar pine sugar eaten as a delicacy. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 151 |