| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Karok Dye, Yellow Roots used as a yellow dye for porcupine quills. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 387 |
| Hesperostipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth Porcupinegrass USDA HESP11 |
Lakota Other, Toys & Games Grass heads used in mischievous games in which boys throw a bunch at people to stick them. Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 31 |
| Hesperostipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth Porcupinegrass USDA HESP11 |
Omaha Fiber, Brushes & Brooms Grains bound with sinew and used to make combs or hairbrushes. The grains were firmly bound with sinew, the points being broken or burned off, the grains forming the teeth, the awns bent back, making the attachment for combs or hairbrushes. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324 |
| Hesperostipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth Porcupinegrass USDA HESP11 |
Omaha Fiber, Brushes & Brooms Stiff awns firmly bound into a bundle and the pointed grains burned off to make a hairbrush. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 66 |
| Hesperostipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth Porcupinegrass USDA HESP11 |
Omaha Other, Ceremonial Items Stiff awns firmly bound into a bundle and the pointed grains burned off to make a ceremonial brush. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 66 |
| Hesperostipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth Porcupinegrass USDA HESP11 |
Pawnee Fiber, Brushes & Brooms Stiff awns firmly bound into a bundle and the pointed grains burned off to make a hairbrush. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 66 |
| Hesperostipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth Porcupinegrass USDA HESP11 |
Pawnee Other, Ceremonial Items Stiff awns firmly bound into a bundle and the pointed grains burned off to make a ceremonial brush. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 66 |
| Hesperostipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth Porcupinegrass USDA HESP11 |
Ponca Fiber, Brushes & Brooms Stiff awns firmly bound into a bundle and the pointed grains burned off to make a hairbrush. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 66 |
| Hesperostipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth Porcupinegrass USDA HESP11 |
Ponca Other, Ceremonial Items Stiff awns firmly bound into a bundle and the pointed grains burned off to make a ceremonial brush. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 66 |
| Heuchera cylindrica var. alpina Sw. Alpine Alumroot USDA HECYA |
Cheyenne Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Powdered roots rubbed on the skin for rheumatism or sore muscles. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 176 |
| Heuchera cylindrica var. alpina Sw. Alpine Alumroot USDA HECYA |
Cheyenne Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Infusion of powdered plant tops taken for rheumatism or sore muscles. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 176 |
| Heuchera cylindrica var. alpina Sw. Alpine Alumroot USDA HECYA |
Cheyenne Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of powdered roots applied for poison ivy and other skin rashes. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 38 |
| Heuchera cylindrica var. alpina Sw. Alpine Alumroot USDA HECYA |
Cheyenne Drug, Orthopedic Aid Infusion of roots taken or powdered roots rubbed on skin for sore muscles. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 176 |
| Heuchera glabra Willd. ex Roemer & J.A. Schultes Alpine Heuchera USDA HEGL5 |
Tlingit Drug, Venereal Aid Plant used for inflammation of testicles from syphilis. Krause, Aurel, 1956, The Tlingit Indians. Translated by Erna Gunther, Seattle. University of Washington Press, page 284 |
| Hierochloe alpina ssp. alpina Alpine Sweetgrass USDA HIALA |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Fiber, Basketry Blades used to make baskets. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 207 |
| Juniperus communis L. Common Juniper USDA JUCOD |
Malecite Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Infusion of roots and Prince's pine used for consumption. Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 252 |
| Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. Oneseed Juniper USDA JUMO |
Keres, Western Other, Ceremonial Items Cedar purge kept one from getting tired, but did not preclude sleepiness. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 48 |
| Kalmia microphylla (Hook.) Heller Alpine Laurel USDA KAMI |
Hanaksiala Food, Beverage Leaves used to make tea. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 241 |
| Kalmia microphylla (Hook.) Heller Alpine Laurel USDA KAMI |
Hanaksiala Food, Beverage Leaves used to make tea. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 241 |
| Kalmia microphylla (Hook.) Heller Alpine Laurel USDA KAMI |
Kwakwaka'wakw Drug, Antiemetic Decoction of leaves used for vomiting and spitting blood. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 241 |
| Kalmia microphylla (Hook.) Heller Alpine Laurel USDA KAMI |
Kwakwaka'wakw Drug, Antiemetic Decoction of leaves used for vomiting. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 241 |
| Kalmia microphylla (Hook.) Heller Alpine Laurel USDA KAMI |
Kwakwaka'wakw Drug, Antihemorrhagic Decoction of leaves used for spitting blood. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 241 |
| Kalmia microphylla (Hook.) Heller Alpine Laurel USDA KAMI |
Kwakwaka'wakw Drug, Antihemorrhagic Decoction of leaves used for vomiting and spitting blood. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 241 |
| Lappula occidentalis (S. Wats.) Greene Flatspine Stickseed USDA LAOCO |
Keres, Western Other, Unspecified Taxon known and named but no use was specified. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 51 |
| Lappula occidentalis var. cupulata (Gray) Higgins Flatspine Stickseed USDA LAOCC |
Navajo Drug, Gynecological Aid Parts of the plant used at confinement. Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 153 |
| Lappula occidentalis var. cupulata (Gray) Higgins Flatspine Stickseed USDA LAOCC |
Navajo Drug, Hemostat Parts of the plant used for nosebleeds. Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 153 |
| Lappula occidentalis var. cupulata (Gray) Higgins Flatspine Stickseed USDA LAOCC |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Dermatological Aid Plant used as a lotion for itching. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 40 |
| Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch Tamarack USDA LALA |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Unspecified Used with ground pine as a medicinal tea. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 127 |
| Larrea tridentata var. tridentata Creosotebush USDA LATRT |
Papago Fiber, Brushes & Brooms Branches used to brush off the spines of prickly pears. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 23 |
| Letharia vulpina |
Cheyenne Dye, Yellow Boiled in water and used as a yellow dye for porcupine quills. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 3 |
| Letharia vulpina |
Karok Dye, Unspecified Used as a dye for porcupine quills. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34 |
| Letharia vulpina |
Yurok Dye, Unspecified Used as a dye for porcupine quills. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 34 |
| Leymus mollis ssp. mollis American Dunegrass USDA LEMOM2 |
Kwakiutl, Southern Other, Cooking Tools Leaves used with skunk cabbage leaves to line steaming boxes for cooking lupine roots. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 285 |
| Lithospermum incisum Lehm. Narrowleaf Gromwell USDA LIIN2 |
Cheyenne Drug, Stimulant Chewed plant spit and blown into face and rubbed over the heart by the doctor for sleepiness. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 185 |
| Lomatium triternatum (Pursh) Coult. & Rose Nineleaf Biscuitroot USDA LOTRT |
Blackfoot Other, Good Luck Charm Fruits stuffed into a porcupine foot and tied on a young girl's hair as a good luck charm. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 115 |
| Lotus procumbens (Greene) Greene Silky Deerweed USDA LOPRP |
Kawaiisu Food, Spice Plant added to the dry pine needles spread as a layer in the pit roasting of the yucca. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 38 |
| Lupinus affinis J.G. Agardh Fleshy Lupine USDA LUAF |
Mendocino Indian Food, Vegetable Young leaves formerly roasted and eaten as greens. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 357 |
| Lupinus affinis J.G. Agardh Fleshy Lupine USDA LUAF |
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Ceremonial Items Flowers used in wreaths for the Flower Dance performed at the Strawberry Festival in May. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 65 |
| Lupinus albifrons Benth. ex Lindl. Silver Lupine USDA LUALA2 |
Karok Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of plant taken and used as a steambath for stomach troubles. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 385 |
| Lupinus albifrons Benth. ex Lindl. Silver Lupine USDA LUALA2 |
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Ceremonial Items Flowers used in wreaths for the Flower Dance performed at the Strawberry Festival in May. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 65 |
| Lupinus arboreus Sims Bush Lupine USDA LUAR |
Pomo Fiber, Cordage Root fibers used for string. Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 13 |
| Lupinus arboreus Sims Bush Lupine USDA LUAR |
Pomo, Kashaya Fiber, Cordage Root fibers used to make string for fish nets, deer and rabbit nets, gill nets and carrying nets. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 65 |
| Lupinus arboreus Sims Bush Lupine USDA LUAR |
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Ceremonial Items Flowers used in wreaths for the Flower Dance performed at the Strawberry Festival in May. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 65 |
| Lupinus arcticus S. Wats. Arctic Lupine USDA LUARA4 |
Eskimo, Inupiat Drug, Poison Seeds considered poisonous. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 143 |
| Lupinus argenteus ssp. ingratus (Greene) Harmon Silvery Lupine USDA LUARI |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of crushed leaves applied to poison ivy blisters. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 32 |
| Lupinus brevicaulis S. Wats. Shortstem Lupine USDA LUBR2 |
Navajo Drug, Dermatological Aid Plant rubbed on as a liniment for boils. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 56 |
| Lupinus brevicaulis S. Wats. Shortstem Lupine USDA LUBR2 |
Navajo Drug, Reproductive Aid Plant used for sterility. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 56 |
| Lupinus brevicaulis S. Wats. Shortstem Lupine USDA LUBR2 |
Navajo Other, Ceremonial Items Used in the female shooters branch of the Lightning Chant. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 56 |
| Lupinus caudatus ssp. argophyllus (Gray) L. Phillips Kellogg's Spurred Lupine USDA LUCAA |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Leaves used as a ceremonial emetic. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 32 |
| Lupinus caudatus ssp. argophyllus (Gray) L. Phillips Kellogg's Spurred Lupine USDA LUCAA |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Dermatological Aid Cold infusion of leaves used as a lotion on poison ivy blisters. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 32 |