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Arctium minus Bernh.
Lesser Burrdock
USDA ARMI2
Ojibwa Drug, Analgesic
Compound containing root taken for stomach pain.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 363
Arctium minus Bernh.
Lesser Burrdock
USDA ARMI2
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid
Compound containing root used for stomach pain.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 363
Arctium minus Bernh.
Lesser Burrdock
USDA ARMI2
Ojibwa Drug, Tonic
Root supposed to have tonic effect.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 363
Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng.
Alpine Bearberry
USDA ARAL2
Ojibwa Drug, Antirheumatic (External)
Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for rheumatism.
Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231
Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng.
Alpine Bearberry
USDA ARAL2
Ojibwa Drug, Blood Medicine
Decoction of bark taken for internal blood diseases.
Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231
Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng.
Alpine Bearberry
USDA ARAL2
Ojibwa Drug, Ceremonial Medicine
Leaves used for medicine ceremonies.
Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238
Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng.
Alpine Bearberry
USDA ARAL2
Ojibwa Drug, Narcotic
Leaves smoked to cause intoxication.
Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238
Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng.
Alpine Bearberry
USDA ARAL2
Ojibwa Drug, Panacea
Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses.
Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231
Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng.
Alpine Bearberry
USDA ARAL2
Ojibwa Drug, Unspecified
Leaves used for medicinal purposes.
Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.
Kinnikinnick
USDA ARUV
Ojibwa Drug, Antirheumatic (External)
Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for rheumatism.
Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.
Kinnikinnick
USDA ARUV
Ojibwa Drug, Blood Medicine
Decoction of bark taken for internal blood diseases.
Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.
Kinnikinnick
USDA ARUV
Ojibwa Drug, Ceremonial Medicine
Leaves used for medicine ceremonies.
Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.
Kinnikinnick
USDA ARUV
Ojibwa Drug, Narcotic
Leaves smoked to cause intoxication.
Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.
Kinnikinnick
USDA ARUV
Ojibwa Drug, Panacea
Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses.
Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.
Kinnikinnick
USDA ARUV
Ojibwa Drug, Unspecified
Leaves used for medicinal purposes.
Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit
USDA ARTRT3
Ojibwa Drug, Eye Medicine
Root used for sore eyes.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 356
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
Jack In The Pulpit
USDA ARTRT3
Ojibwa Drug, Unspecified
Plant used for medicinal purposes.
Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 246
Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.
Louisiana Sagewort
USDA ARLUL2
Ojibwa Drug, Veterinary Aid
Plant used as a horse medicine.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 363
Asarum canadense L.
Canadian Wildginger
USDA ASCA
Ojibwa Drug, Dietary Aid
Root chewed by sick person as an appetite stimulant.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 357
Asarum canadense L.
Canadian Wildginger
USDA ASCA
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid
Roots chewed or infusion of roots taken for stomach pain.
Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2250
Asarum canadense L.
Canadian Wildginger
USDA ASCA
Ojibwa Food, Dietary Aid
Roots render any meat dish digestible by anyone, even if they are sick.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 397
Asarum canadense L.
Canadian Wildginger
USDA ASCA
Ojibwa Food, Spice
Roots processed in lye water and used to season food and take muddy taste away from fish.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 397
Asclepias syriaca L.
Common Milkweed
USDA ASSY
Ojibwa Drug, Gynecological Aid
Root used as a female remedy for unspecified ailment.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 357
Asclepias syriaca L.
Common Milkweed
USDA ASSY
Ojibwa Food, Unspecified
Young pods cooked with salt and vinegar.
Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2205
Asclepias syriaca L.
Common Milkweed
USDA ASSY
Ojibwa Food, Vegetable
Fresh flowers and shoot tips, mucilaginous like okra when cooked, used in meat soups.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 397
Asclepias syriaca L.
Common Milkweed
USDA ASSY
Ojibwa Food, Vegetable
Young shoots and flower buds cooked like spinach.
Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2205
Asclepias syriaca L.
Common Milkweed
USDA ASSY
Ojibwa Food, Winter Use Food
Dried flowers, freshened in the winter time, made into soup.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 397
Asclepias syriaca L.
Common Milkweed
USDA ASSY
Ojibwa Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Milk and Canada hawkweed milk used to put on a deer call to imitate the call of a hungry fawn.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 428
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth
Common Ladyfern
USDA ATFIA
Ojibwa Drug, Dermatological Aid
Grated dried root used as healing powder for sores.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 381
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth
Common Ladyfern
USDA ATFIA
Ojibwa Drug, Gynecological Aid
Infusion of root induced milk flow in patients with caked breast.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 381
Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R. Br. ex Ait. f.
Horseflyweed
USDA BATI
Ojibwa Drug, Unspecified
Plant used for medicinal purposes.
Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235
Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R. Br. ex Ait. f.
Horseflyweed
USDA BATI
Ojibwa Dye, Unspecified
Plant used in the native coloring.
Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235
Betula alleghaniensis Britt.
Yellow Birch
USDA BEALA
Ojibwa, South Drug, Diuretic
Compound decoction of inner bark taken as a diuretic.
Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 199
Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis
Yellow Birch
USDA BEALA
Ojibwa Drug, Blood Medicine
Decoction of bark taken for internal blood diseases.
Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231
Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis
Yellow Birch
USDA BEALA
Ojibwa Fiber, Building Material
Bark used to build dwellings and lodges.
Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241
Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis
Yellow Birch
USDA BEALA
Ojibwa Fiber, Canoe Material
Bark used to make birch bark canoes.
Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241
Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis
Yellow Birch
USDA BEALA
Ojibwa Food, Beverage
Sap and maple sap used for a pleasant beverage drink.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 397
Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis
Yellow Birch
USDA BEALA
Ojibwa Other, Ceremonial Items
Bark placed on the coffins when burying the dead.
Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241
Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis
Yellow Birch
USDA BEALA
Ojibwa Other, Containers
Bark used to make storage containers, sap dishes, rice baskets, buckets, trays and winnowing dishes.
Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241
Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis
Yellow Birch
USDA BEALA
Ojibwa Other, Cooking Tools
Bark used to make dishes.
Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241
Betula lenta L.
Sweet Birch
USDA BELE
Ojibwa Fiber, Building Material
Bark used to build dwellings and lodges.
Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241
Betula lenta L.
Sweet Birch
USDA BELE
Ojibwa Fiber, Canoe Material
Bark used to make birch bark canoes.
Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241
Betula lenta L.
Sweet Birch
USDA BELE
Ojibwa Other, Ceremonial Items
Bark placed on the coffins when burying the dead.
Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241
Betula lenta L.
Sweet Birch
USDA BELE
Ojibwa Other, Containers
Bark used to make storage containers, sap dishes, rice baskets, buckets, trays and winnowing dishes.
Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241
Betula lenta L.
Sweet Birch
USDA BELE
Ojibwa Other, Cooking Tools
Bark used to make dishes.
Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241
Betula papyrifera Marsh.
Paper Birch
USDA BEPAP
Ojibwa Drug, Adjuvant
Root used as a seasoner for medicines.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 358
Betula papyrifera Marsh.
Paper Birch
USDA BEPAP
Ojibwa Drug, Analgesic
Root bark cooked with maple sugar as syrup for stomach cramps.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 358
Betula papyrifera Marsh.
Paper Birch
USDA BEPAP
Ojibwa Drug, Blood Medicine
Decoction of bark taken for internal blood diseases.
Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231
Betula papyrifera Marsh.
Paper Birch
USDA BEPAP
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid
Compound decoction of root bark taken to alleviate stomach cramps.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 358
Betula papyrifera Marsh.
Paper Birch
USDA BEPAP
Ojibwa Dye, Red
Innermost bark boiled to extract a reddish dye.
Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 425