| Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers Common Dandelion USDA TAOFO |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of root taken for heartburn. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 366 |
| Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers Common Dandelion USDA TAOFO |
Ojibwa Food, Vegetable Young leaves gathered in spring and cooked as greens with pork or venison and maple sap vinegar. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 399 |
| Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Av‚-Lall. Purple Meadowrue USDA THDA |
Ojibwa Drug, Febrifuge Infusion of root used for fevers. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 383 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Analgesic Infusion of leaves used for headache. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Blood Medicine Decoction of leaves taken as a blood purifier. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Smoke used to purify sacred objects, hands and persons of participants. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of leaves taken for coughs. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Diaphoretic Compound containing leaves used in the sweatbath. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Ojibwa Fiber, Basketry Tough, stringy bark used in making fiber bags. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Ojibwa Fiber, Canoe Material Light, strong, straight-grained wood used for canoe frames and ribs. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Ojibwa Food, Beverage Leaves steeped for tea. Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2234 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Ojibwa Other, Incense & Fragrance Pungent fragrance of leaves and wood always used as an acceptable incense to Winabojo. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421 |
| Thuja occidentalis L. Eastern Arborvitae USDA THOC2 |
Ojibwa Other, Sacred Items This tree and the white cedar were worshipped as the two most useful trees in the forest. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Ojibwa Fiber, Cordage Inner bark of young sprouts used to make twine and rope. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 232 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Ojibwa Fiber, Cordage Tough, fibrous bark of young trees furnished ready cordage and string. The women stripped the bark and peeled the outer edge from the inner fiber with their teeth. The rolls were then kept in coils or were boiled and kept as coils until needed, being soaked again when used, to make them pliable. While there were countless uses for this cordage, perhaps the most important was in tying the poles together for the framework of the wigwam or medicine lodge. When these crossings of poles were lashed together with wet bark fiber, it was easy to get a tight knot which shrank when dry and made an even tighter joint. The bark of an elm or a balsam, cut into broad strips was then sewed into place on the framework with basswood string. An oak wood awl was used to punch holes in the bark, but Smith notes that, when they made his wigwam, they used an old file end for an awl. He reports that he lived in this new wigwam all the time he was among the Pillager Ojibwe and scarcely a night passed without a group of them visiting him and sitting around the campfire, telling old time stories. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422 |
| Tilia americana L. American Basswood USDA TIAMA |
Ojibwa Fiber, Sewing Material Inner bark of young sprouts used to make thread. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 232 |
| Trientalis borealis ssp. borealis Maystar USDA TRBOB |
Ojibwa Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Root mixed with many others to make smoking scent that attracted the deer to the hunter. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 431 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Ojibwa Drug, Adjuvant Leaves made into a tea and used as a beverage and to disguise medicine. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 408 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Ojibwa Drug, Adjuvant Leaves used to flavor medicinal tea. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Ojibwa Drug, Dermatological Aid Bark used for cuts, wounds and bleeding wounds. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Ojibwa Drug, Hemostat Bark used for bleeding wounds. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 380 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Ojibwa Dye, Mordant Bark used with a little rock dust to set the color. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 426 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Ojibwa Dye, Red-Brown Bark used with a little rock dust to dye materials a dark red brown. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 426 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Ojibwa Food, Beverage Leaves made into a tea and used as a beverage and to disguise medicine. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 408 |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Eastern Hemlock USDA TSCA |
Ojibwa Other, Fuel Bark used for fuel, when reboiling pitch, because the heat was easy to regulate. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422 |
| Typha latifolia L. Broadleaf Cattail USDA TYLA |
Ojibwa Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of root inner skin applied to carbuncles and boils. Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2306 |
| Typha latifolia L. Broadleaf Cattail USDA TYLA |
Ojibwa Drug, Other Fruit fuzz used as a war medicine. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 390 |
| Typha latifolia L. Broadleaf Cattail USDA TYLA |
Ojibwa Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Blades used to weave mats. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 245 |
| Typha latifolia L. Broadleaf Cattail USDA TYLA |
Ojibwa Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Fuzz or seed used to make a quilt and the quilt used to make a sleeping bag. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 423 |
| Typha latifolia L. Broadleaf Cattail USDA TYLA |
Ojibwa Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Fuzz or seed used to make mattresses and sleeping bags. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 423 |
| Typha latifolia L. Broadleaf Cattail USDA TYLA |
Ojibwa Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Leaves used to make wind and rain-proof mats placed on the sides of the medicine lodge. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 423 |
| Typha latifolia L. Broadleaf Cattail USDA TYLA |
Ojibwa Food, Dried Food Green flower dried and used for food. Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2226 |
| Typha latifolia L. Broadleaf Cattail USDA TYLA |
Ojibwa Food, Staple Pollen used for flour. Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2226 |
| Typha latifolia L. Broadleaf Cattail USDA TYLA |
Ojibwa Food, Unspecified Green flower boiled and used for food. Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2226 |
| Typha latifolia L. Broadleaf Cattail USDA TYLA |
Ojibwa Other, Weapon Fuzz of the fruit thrown into the eyes of their enemies, claiming that it blinded them. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 432 |
| Typha latifolia L. Broadleaf Cattail USDA TYLA |
Ojibwa, South Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of crushed root applied to sores. Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 200 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Ojibwa Drug, Venereal Aid Infusion of root bark taken for gonorrhea. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Ojibwa Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion of roots taken and used as a wash for bleeding foot cuts. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of plants taken for stomach troubles. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Ojibwa Drug, Hemostat Infusion of roots taken and used as a wash for bleeding foot cuts. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Ojibwa Drug, Throat Aid Inner bark used for dry, sore throat. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 392 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Ojibwa Drug, Venereal Aid Plant used for gonorrhea. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 240 |
| Ulmus rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm USDA ULRU |
Ojibwa Fiber, Building Material Stripped bark used as a wigwam cover, for the sides of the wigwam. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 423 |
| Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. California Nettle USDA URDIG |
Ojibwa Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of soaked leaves applied to heat rash. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 392 |
| Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland. California Nettle USDA URDIG |
Ojibwa Fiber, Sewing Material Bark or rind used as a fine, stout sewing fiber. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 423 |
| Uvularia grandiflora Sm. Largeflower Bellwort USDA UVGR |
Ojibwa Drug, Analgesic Root used for stomach pain, perhaps pleurisy. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 374 |
| Uvularia grandiflora Sm. Largeflower Bellwort USDA UVGR |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Root used for stomach pain, perhaps pleurisy. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 374 |
| Uvularia grandiflora Sm. Largeflower Bellwort USDA UVGR |
Ojibwa Drug, Pulmonary Aid Root used for 'pain in the solar plexus, which may mean pleurisy.' Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 374 |
| Uvularia sessilifolia L. Sessileleaf Bellwort USDA UVSE |
Ojibwa Drug, Hunting Medicine Root used as a part of the hunting medicine to bring a buck deer near the hunter. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 430 |
| Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. Lowbush Blueberry USDA VAAN |
Ojibwa Drug, Blood Medicine Infusion of leaves taken as a blood purifier. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 369 |