| Bromus anomalus Rupr. ex Fourn. Nodding Brome USDA BRPO2 |
Navajo, Ramah Food, Fodder Used for horse feed. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 16 |
| Helianthus anomalus Blake Western Sunflower USDA HEAN4 |
Hopi Drug, Dermatological Aid Plant used as a 'spider medicine.' Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 32, 96 |
| Helianthus anomalus Blake Western Sunflower USDA HEAN4 |
Hopi Food, Fodder Used as an important food for summer birds. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 96 |
| Helianthus anomalus Blake Western Sunflower USDA HEAN4 |
Hopi Other, Decorations Petals dried, ground, mixed with yellow corn meal and used as a face powder in women's basket dance. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 96 |
| Malus angustifolia (Ait.) Michx. Southern Crabapple USDA MAANA |
Cherokee Food, Dried Food Sun dried, sliced fruit used for food. Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 56 |
| Malus angustifolia (Ait.) Michx. Southern Crabapple USDA MAANA |
Cherokee Food, Preserves Fruit used to make clear jelly. Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 56 |
| Malus coronaria (L.) P. Mill. Sweet Crabapple USDA MACO5 |
Cherokee Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of bark taken for gallstones and piles and infusion used for sore mouth. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31 |
| Malus coronaria (L.) P. Mill. Sweet Crabapple USDA MACO5 |
Cherokee Drug, Hemorrhoid Remedy Infusion of bark taken for gallstones and 'piles' and infusion used for sore mouth. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31 |
| Malus coronaria (L.) P. Mill. Sweet Crabapple USDA MACO5 |
Cherokee Drug, Oral Aid Infusion of bark taken for gallstones and infusion used as a wash for sore mouth. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31 |
| Malus coronaria (L.) P. Mill. Sweet Crabapple USDA MACO5 |
Cherokee Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 31 |
| Malus coronaria var. coronaria Sweet Crabapple USDA MACO5 |
Iroquois Drug, Abortifacient Decoction of roots taken for suppressed menses. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 351 |
| Malus coronaria var. coronaria Sweet Crabapple USDA MACO5 |
Iroquois Drug, Dermatological Aid Cold infusion of bark used as wash for black eyes. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 350 |
| Malus coronaria var. coronaria Sweet Crabapple USDA MACO5 |
Iroquois Drug, Eye Medicine Cold infusion of bark used as wash for snowblindness and black or sore eyes. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 350 |
| Malus coronaria var. coronaria Sweet Crabapple USDA MACO5 |
Iroquois Drug, Gynecological Aid Cold, compound infusion of twig bark taken for difficult birth. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 350 |
| Malus coronaria var. coronaria Sweet Crabapple USDA MACO5 |
Iroquois Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Compound decoction of roots taken for consumption. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 350 |
| Malus coronaria var. coronaria Sweet Crabapple USDA MACO5 |
Iroquois Food, Bread & Cake Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 129 |
| Malus coronaria var. coronaria Sweet Crabapple USDA MACO5 |
Iroquois Food, Dried Food Raw or cooked fruit sun or fire dried and stored for future use. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 129 |
| Malus coronaria var. coronaria Sweet Crabapple USDA MACO5 |
Iroquois Food, Fruit Dried fruit taken as a hunting food. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 129 |
| Malus coronaria var. coronaria Sweet Crabapple USDA MACO5 |
Iroquois Food, Sauce & Relish Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 129 |
| Malus coronaria var. coronaria Sweet Crabapple USDA MACO5 |
Ojibwa Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 236 |
| Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. Oregon Crabapple USDA MAFU |
Alaska Native Food, Cooking Agent Used as a source of pectin for jelly making. Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 85 |
| Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. Oregon Crabapple USDA MAFU |
Bella Coola Drug, Eye Medicine Compound decoction of bark or root used as an eyewash for soreness. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 60 |
| Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. Oregon Crabapple USDA MAFU |
Bella Coola Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209 |
| Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. Oregon Crabapple USDA MAFU |
Chinook, Lower Food, Fruit Fruits stored in baskets until soft and used for food. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 38 |
| Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. Oregon Crabapple USDA MAFU |
Clallam Food, Fruit Fruit softened in baskets and eaten. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 202 |
| Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. Oregon Crabapple USDA MAFU |
Cowichan Drug, Panacea Infusion of bark and wild cherry bark taken as a cure all tonic. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 87 |
| Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. Oregon Crabapple USDA MAFU |
Cowlitz Food, Fruit Fruits cooked, stored in baskets until soft and used for food. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 38 |
| Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. Oregon Crabapple USDA MAFU |
Gitksan Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Decoction of trunk and branch or inner bark taken for rheumatism. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 60 |
| Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. Oregon Crabapple USDA MAFU |
Gitksan Drug, Dietary Aid Decoction of trunk, branches or inner bark taken as a 'fattening medicine.' Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 60 |
| Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. Oregon Crabapple USDA MAFU |
Gitksan Drug, Diuretic Decoction of trunk and branches or inner bark taken as a laxative and diuretic. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 60 |
| Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. Oregon Crabapple USDA MAFU |
Gitksan Drug, Eye Medicine Juice, scraped from peeled trunk, used as an eye medicine. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 60 |
| Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. Oregon Crabapple USDA MAFU |
Gitksan Drug, Laxative Decoction of trunk and branch or inner bark taken as a laxative and diuretic. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 60 |
| Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. Oregon Crabapple USDA MAFU |
Gitksan Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Decoction of trunk and branch or inner bark taken for consumption. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 60 |
| Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. Oregon Crabapple USDA MAFU |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Fruit eaten after a long day of hunting, 'kills poison in muscles.' Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 265 |
| Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. Oregon Crabapple USDA MAFU |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Afterbirth of a child tied to a young tree to ensure the child would grow up strong. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 265 |
| Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. Oregon Crabapple USDA MAFU |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 265 |
| Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. Oregon Crabapple USDA MAFU |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food, Winter Use Food Fruit boiled and stored in the cooking water or oil for winter use. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 265 |
| Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. Oregon Crabapple USDA MAFU |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Sticks used to strike rods of cedar to make noise while driving animals to be killed. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 265 |
| Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. Oregon Crabapple USDA MAFU |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make bows. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 265 |
| Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. Oregon Crabapple USDA MAFU |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Tools Wood used to make root digging sticks. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 265 |
| Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. Oregon Crabapple USDA MAFU |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Tools Wood used to make sledgehammer handles and mallet heads. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 265 |
| Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. Oregon Crabapple USDA MAFU |
Hanaksiala Other, Cooking Tools Sticks used to retrieve special cooking stones used for cooking edible seaweed. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 265 |
| Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. Oregon Crabapple USDA MAFU |
Hesquiat Food, Dried Food Sour fruit dried for future use. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 73 |
| Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. Oregon Crabapple USDA MAFU |
Hesquiat Other, Tools Wood used to make axe handles. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 73 |
| Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. Oregon Crabapple USDA MAFU |
Hoh Drug, Venereal Aid Infusion used for gonorrhea. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 64 |
| Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. Oregon Crabapple USDA MAFU |
Hoh Food, Fruit Fruits eaten for food. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 64 |
| Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. Oregon Crabapple USDA MAFU |
Kitasoo Food, Special Food Fruit used as a food item associated with ceremonial situations. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 342 |
| Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. Oregon Crabapple USDA MAFU |
Kitasoo Food, Winter Use Food Fruit stored in water and topped with mammal or fish grease or oil. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 342 |
| Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. Oregon Crabapple USDA MAFU |
Klallam Drug, Eye Medicine Infusion of bark used as an eyewash. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 38 |
| Malus fusca (Raf.) Schneid. Oregon Crabapple USDA MAFU |
Kwakiutl Drug, Antihemorrhagic Shredded bark used for blood spitting. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 290 |