| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Alaska Drug, Eye Medicine 'Cotton' used to dry 'moist eyes.' Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Alaska Drug, Oral Aid Bark and leaves chewed for mouth sores. Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Alaska Food, Unspecified Cambium layer scraped off and eaten. Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 715 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Alaska Food, Unspecified Young leaves gathered in the spring and eaten raw with seal oil. Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Alaska Food, Vegetable Young shoots and catkins used fresh or in seal oil. Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 715 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Alaska Food, Winter Use Food Leaves soaked in seal oil and saved for future use. Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 34 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Alaska Food, Winter Use Food Young shoots and catkins stored in oil for winter use. Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 715 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Arctic Food, Unspecified Leaves used for food. Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 29 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Inupiat Drug, Oral Aid Leaves made the mouth smell good. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 10 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Beverage Dried leaves used to make tea. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 10 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Soup Dried leaves used in soups. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 10 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Vegetable Leaves used as greens in fresh salads. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 10 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Winter Use Food Leaves preserved in seal or fish oil or canned for winter use and eaten with meat or fish. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 10 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Nunivak Drug, Analgesic Infusion of leaves and bark used as an analgesic. Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 325 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Nunivak Drug, Oral Aid Plant chewed for sore mouth. Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 325 |
| Salix pulchra Cham. Tealeaf Willow USDA SAPU15 |
Eskimo, Western Drug, Oral Aid Leaves chewed for mouth sores. Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 17 |
| Salix pyrifolia Anderss. Balsam Willow USDA SAPY |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Plant used for stomach troubles. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243 |
| Salix pyrifolia Anderss. Balsam Willow USDA SAPY |
Ojibwa Drug, Sedative Plant used for trembling. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243 |
| Salix pyrifolia Anderss. Balsam Willow USDA SAPY |
Ojibwa Drug, Stimulant Plant used for fainting. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243 |
| Salix pyrifolia Anderss. Balsam Willow USDA SAPY |
Ojibwa Drug, Unspecified Bark used for medicinal purposes. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 243 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Bella Coola Drug, Dermatological Aid Folded inner bark inserted in knife cuts and used for incisions. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 54 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Gosiute Fiber, Basketry Wood used to make baskets, fish weirs and water jugs. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 380 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Gosiute Other, Containers Wood used to make baskets and water jugs. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 380 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Gosiute Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make fish weirs. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 380 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Haisla Other, Toys & Games Whips used to lash opponents in the 'hoop and pole game.' In the Haisla 'hoop and pole game,' players attempted to spear a rolling hoop. If a player succeeded in spearing the hoop, he was lashed by his opponent with a willow whip. If, however, the spearman retrieved his spear, the hoop and the whip, his team would get the next throw of the hoop. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Cleaning Agent Leaves used to wipe slime from fish. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Containers Sticks used to string discoidal basaltic seaweed cooking stones when not being used. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Cooking Tools Branches used as barbecue racks for salmon. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Cooking Tools Leaves layered with salmon and western hemlock boughs to allow the fish to drain. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Withes used as fish stringers to transport fish downstream. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Walking Sticks Wood used to make walking sticks or canes. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Karok Other, Containers Roots used to make the fire hearth. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Karok Other, Tools Roots used to make the fire drill. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of inner cambium and powdered tree fungus applied to serious cuts. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Gynecological Aid Decoction of branches taken by women for several months after childbirth to increase the blood flow. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Gynecological Aid Shredded inner bark used for sanitary napkins to 'heal a woman's insides.' Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Hemostat Poultice of bark and sap applied as a wad to bleeding wounds. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Orthopedic Aid Poultice of damp inner bark applied to the skin over a broken bone. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Pediatric Aid Decoction of branches taken by women after childbirth and helped the baby through the breast milk. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Clothing Bark twisted into cord and used to make bags and dresses. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Cordage Branches and bark twisted into strong rope. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Sewing Material Bark used for sewing birch bark onto basket frames. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Containers Bark twisted into cord and used to make bags and dresses. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Fasteners Bark twisted into cord and used to tie things together. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Sanpoil Drug, Antidiarrheal Decoction of roots taken to counteract diarrhea. Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 220 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Shuswap Food, Preservative Wood used to smoke salmon. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 68 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Shuswap Other, Ceremonial Items Inner bark headbands used by pubescent girls and young men, in ritual isolation and training. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 68 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Shuswap Other, Fasteners Tough, bark strips poked through the roots of dog tooth violet, to hang them for drying. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 68 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Tolowa Fiber, Basketry Roots used to make baskets. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Wet'suwet'en Fiber, Cordage Bark strips used for cord or rope. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 154 |