| Gaillardia aristata Pursh Common Gaillardia USDA GAAR |
Blackfoot Other, Cooking Tools Flower heads served as spoons for the sick and invalid. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 113 |
| Gaillardia aristata Pursh Common Gaillardia USDA GAAR |
Blackfoot Other, Waterproofing Agent Flower heads rubbed on rawhide bags for waterproofing. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 113 |
| Gaillardia aristata Pursh Common Gaillardia USDA GAAR |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Analgesic Flowers used to 'paint' the body for pain. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 84 |
| Gaillardia pinnatifida Torr. Red Dome Blanketflower USDA GAPIP2 |
Havasupai Food, Preserves Seeds parched, ground, kneaded into seed butter and eaten with fruit drinks or spread on bread. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67 |
| Gaillardia pinnatifida Torr. Red Dome Blanketflower USDA GAPIP2 |
Hopi Drug, Analgesic Plant used as a diuretic for painful urination. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 96 |
| Gaillardia pinnatifida Torr. Red Dome Blanketflower USDA GAPIP2 |
Hopi Drug, Diuretic Plant used as a diuretic for painful urination. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 35, 96 |
| Gaillardia pinnatifida Torr. Red Dome Blanketflower USDA GAPIP2 |
Hopi Drug, Diuretic Taken as a diuretic. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 320 |
| Gaillardia pinnatifida Torr. Red Dome Blanketflower USDA GAPIP2 |
Keres, Western Drug, Gynecological Aid Plant rubbed on mothers' breasts to wean infant. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 44 |
| Gaillardia pinnatifida Torr. Red Dome Blanketflower USDA GAPIP2 |
Keres, Western Drug, Psychological Aid Infusion of plant used to become good drummers. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 44 |
| Gaillardia pinnatifida Torr. Red Dome Blanketflower USDA GAPIP2 |
Navajo Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Infusion of leaves taken and poultice of leaves applied for gout. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 86 |
| Gaillardia pinnatifida Torr. Red Dome Blanketflower USDA GAPIP2 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Other Plant used for the effects of immersion. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 48 |
| Gaillardia pinnatifida Torr. Red Dome Blanketflower USDA GAPIP2 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Witchcraft Medicine Plant used for bewitchment. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 48 |
| Gaillardia pinnatifida Torr. Red Dome Blanketflower USDA GAPIP2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Antiemetic Two cupfuls of decoction taken for heartburn and nausea. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 51 |
| Gaillardia pinnatifida Torr. Red Dome Blanketflower USDA GAPIP2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of plant taken for heartburn and nausea. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 51 |
| Gaillardia pinnatifida Torr. Red Dome Blanketflower USDA GAPIP2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Respiratory Aid Plant used as snuff for 'congested nose.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 51 |
| Gaillardia pulchella Foug. Firewheel USDA GAPUP2 |
Kiowa Other, Decorations Flowers used for ornaments in the homes. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 60 |
| Gaillardia pulchella Foug. Firewheel USDA GAPUP2 |
Kiowa Other, Good Luck Charm Flowers believed to bring luck. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 60 |
| Galium uniflorum Michx. Oneflower Bedstraw USDA GAUN2 |
Choctaw Drug, Dermatological Aid Whole plant used as an astringent. Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287 |
| Galium uniflorum Michx. Oneflower Bedstraw USDA GAUN2 |
Choctaw Drug, Diaphoretic Whole plant used as an diaphoretic. Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287 |
| Galium uniflorum Michx. Oneflower Bedstraw USDA GAUN2 |
Choctaw Drug, Diuretic Whole plant used as an diuretic. Campbell, T.N., 1951, Medicinal Plants Used by Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Creek Indians in the Early Nineteenth Century, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41(9):285-290, page 287 |
| Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) Ait. f. Evening Trumpetflower USDA GESE |
Delaware Drug, Blood Medicine Roots used as a blood purifier. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 33 |
| Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) Ait. f. Evening Trumpetflower USDA GESE |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Blood Medicine Root used as a blood purifier. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 28, 76 |
| Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) Ait. f. Evening Trumpetflower USDA GESE |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Dermatological Aid Compound containing root used as a salve. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 28, 76 |
| Gentiana affinis Griseb. Pleated Gentian USDA GEAF |
Blackfoot Other, Decorations Flowers used for their attractiveness. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 49 |
| Gentiana douglasiana Bong. Swamp Gentian USDA GEDO |
Hanaksiala Food, Candy Flowers sucked by children for the sweet nectar. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 252 |
| Gentianella propinqua ssp. propinqua Fourpart Dwarfgentian USDA GEPRP |
Tanana, Upper Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of leaves, stems and flowers taken for colds. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 17 |
| Gentianella propinqua ssp. propinqua Fourpart Dwarfgentian USDA GEPRP |
Tanana, Upper Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of leaves, stems and flowers taken for coughs. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 17 |
| Geranium viscosissimum Fisch. & C.A. Mey. ex C.A. Mey. Sticky Geranium USDA GEVIV |
Thompson Drug, Witchcraft Medicine Flowers possibly used for witchcraft. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 225 |
| Gilia subnuda Torr. ex Gray Coral Gilia USDA GISU |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Gynecological Aid Ground flowers eaten to insure healthy pregnancy and ease labor. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 38 |
| Grindelia camporum Greene Great Valley Gumweed USDA GRCAC |
Kawaiisu Drug, Analgesic Decoction of leaves and flowers applied to sore parts of the body. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 33 |
| Grindelia camporum Greene Great Valley Gumweed USDA GRCAC |
Kawaiisu Drug, Orthopedic Aid Decoction of leaves and flowers applied to sore parts of the body. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 33 |
| Grindelia nuda var. aphanactis (Rydb.) Nesom Curlytop Gumweed USDA GRNUA |
Zuni Drug, Poultice Poultice of flower applied to ant bites. Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 375 |
| Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal Curlycup Gumweed USDA GRSQS2 |
Cheyenne Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of flowering tops applied to skin diseases, scabs and sores. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 21 |
| Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal Curlycup Gumweed USDA GRSQS2 |
Cheyenne, Northern Drug, Disinfectant Decoction of flowering tops used to wash sores and other skin lesions. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 32 |
| Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal Curlycup Gumweed USDA GRSQS2 |
Cheyenne, Northern Drug, Eye Medicine Sticky, flower heads used for snowblindness. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 32 |
| Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal Curlycup Gumweed USDA GRSQS2 |
Cree Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of buds and flowers taken to ease and lessen menses. Beardsley, Gretchen, 1941, Notes on Cree Medicines, Based on Collections Made by I. Cowie in 1892., Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 28:483-496, page 494 |
| Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal Curlycup Gumweed USDA GRSQS2 |
Flathead Drug, Veterinary Aid Flower heads rubbed on horses' hooves for protection against injury. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 32 |
| Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby Broom Snakeweed USDA GUSA2 |
Dakota Drug, Veterinary Aid Decoction of flowers given to horses as a laxative. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 368 |
| Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby Broom Snakeweed USDA GUSA2 |
Diegueno Drug, Antidiarrheal Decoction of fresh flowers or fresh roots taken for diarrhea. Hinton, Leanne, 1975, Notes on La Huerta Diegueno Ethnobotany, Journal of California Anthropology 2:214-222, page 220 |
| Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby Broom Snakeweed USDA GUSA2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice or infusion of flowers and leaves applied to red ant bite and bee sting. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 51 |
| Hackelia floribunda (Lehm.) I.M. Johnston Manyflower Stickseed USDA HAFL2 |
Isleta Drug, Poison Prickles from fruit caused skin irritation and swelling. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 33 |
| Hackelia floribunda (Lehm.) I.M. Johnston Manyflower Stickseed USDA HAFL2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Orthopedic Aid Root of this or any poisonous plant used for serious injury such as fracture. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 40, 41 |
| Hackelia floribunda (Lehm.) I.M. Johnston Manyflower Stickseed USDA HAFL2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Poison Plant considered poisonous. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 40, 41 |
| Hackelia floribunda (Lehm.) I.M. Johnston Manyflower Stickseed USDA HAFL2 |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Good Luck Charm Leaves and pollen used various ways for good luck in gambling and trading. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 40, 41 |
| Helenium autumnale L. Common Sneezeweed USDA HEAUA |
Menominee Drug, Alterative Compound infusion of flower heads taken 'for its alterative effects.' Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 30, 31 |
| Helenium autumnale L. Common Sneezeweed USDA HEAUA |
Menominee Drug, Analgesic Compound of dried flowers applied to small cuts made on temples for headache. Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 129 |
| Helenium autumnale L. Common Sneezeweed USDA HEAUA |
Menominee Drug, Analgesic Snuff of compounded flowers used to cause sneezing for headaches. Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 129 |
| Helenium autumnale L. Common Sneezeweed USDA HEAUA |
Menominee Drug, Cold Remedy Simple or compound snuff of flowers caused sneezing to clear a stuffy headcold. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 30, 31 |
| Helenium microcephalum DC. Littlehead Tarweed USDA HEMIM |
Comanche Drug, Gynecological Aid Pulverized flowers inhaled to cause sneezing and expulsion of afterbirth. Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 522 |
| Helenium microcephalum DC. Littlehead Tarweed USDA HEMIM |
Comanche Drug, Heart Medicine Flowers dried, crushed and inhaled for 'heart flutter.' Jones, David E., 1968, Comanche Plant Medicine, Papers in Anthropology 9:1-13, page 4 |