| Erysimum capitatum var. capitatum Sanddune Wallflower USDA ERCAC |
Keres, Western Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Poultice of chewed leaves applied to swellings. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 43 |
| Erysimum capitatum var. capitatum Sanddune Wallflower USDA ERCAC |
Keres, Western Other, Paint Ground flowers used as yellow paint. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 43 |
| Erysimum capitatum var. capitatum Sanddune Wallflower USDA ERCAC |
Keres, Western Other, Paint Ground flowers used as yellow paint. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 43 |
| Erysimum capitatum var. capitatum Sanddune Wallflower USDA ERCAC |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of pounded, whole plant applied to open, fresh wounds. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 92 |
| Erysimum capitatum var. capitatum Sanddune Wallflower USDA ERCAC |
Sioux, Teton Drug, Analgesic Infusion of crushed seed taken and used externally for stomach or bowel cramps. Densmore, Frances, 1918, Teton Sioux Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #61, page 269 |
| Erysimum capitatum var. capitatum Sanddune Wallflower USDA ERCAC |
Sioux, Teton Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of crushed seeds used for stomach or bowel cramps. Densmore, Frances, 1918, Teton Sioux Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #61, page 269 |
| Erysimum cheiranthoides L. Wormseed Wallflower USDA ERCH9 |
Chippewa Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of root applied to skin eruptions. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 350 |
| Erysimum inconspicuum (S. Wats.) MacM. Shy Wallflower USDA ERIN7 |
Hopi Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Plant used for tuberculosis. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 316 |
| Erythrina sandwicensis O. Deg. Wili Wili USDA ERSA11 |
Hawaiian Drug, Venereal Aid Flowers used for venereal diseases. Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 74 |
| Eschscholzia californica Cham. California Poppy USDA ESCAC |
Costanoan Drug, Pediatric Aid Flowers laid underneath bed to put child to sleep. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 9 |
| Eschscholzia californica Cham. California Poppy USDA ESCAC |
Costanoan Drug, Sedative Flowers laid underneath bed to put child to sleep. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 9 |
| Eschscholzia californica Cham. California Poppy USDA ESCAC |
Costanoan Other, Insecticide Decoction of flowers rubbed into the hair to kill lice. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 9 |
| Eschscholzia californica Cham. California Poppy USDA ESCAC |
Luiseno Food, Candy Flowers chewed with chewing gum. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 232 |
| Eupatorium maculatum L. Spotted Joepyeweed USDA EUMAM |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Venereal Aid White flowered plant used for males and pink flowered plant used for females for venereal disease. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 238 |
| Eupatorium perfoliatum L. Common Boneset USDA EUPEP |
Iroquois Drug, Laxative Compound decoction of flowers and leaves taken as a laxative. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 456 |
| Eupatorium perfoliatum L. Common Boneset USDA EUPEP |
Rappahannock Drug, Tonic Infusion of dried leaves, picked before flowers matured, taken as a tonic. Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 34 |
| Eupatorium purpureum L. Sweetscented Joepyeweed USDA EUPUP |
Potawatomi Other, Good Luck Charm Flowering tops used as a good luck talisman for gambling. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 117 |
| Eupatorium serotinum Michx. Lateflowering Thoroughwort USDA EUSE2 |
Houma Drug, Febrifuge Decoction of flowers taken for typhoid fever. Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 64 |
| Eupatorium serotinum Michx. Lateflowering Thoroughwort USDA EUSE2 |
Houma Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Decoction of flowers taken for typhoid fever. Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 64 |
| Euphorbia corollata L. Flowering Spurge USDA EUCO10 |
Cherokee Drug, Cancer Treatment Decoction prepared with herbs and taken for cancer. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45 |
| Euphorbia corollata L. Flowering Spurge USDA EUCO10 |
Cherokee Drug, Cathartic Taken as a purgative. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45 |
| Euphorbia corollata L. Flowering Spurge USDA EUCO10 |
Cherokee Drug, Dermatological Aid 'Juice rubbed on skin eruptions, especially on children's heads.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45 |
| Euphorbia corollata L. Flowering Spurge USDA EUCO10 |
Cherokee Drug, Dermatological Aid Juice used as an ointment for 'sores and sore nipples.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45 |
| Euphorbia corollata L. Flowering Spurge USDA EUCO10 |
Cherokee Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion taken for bleeding after childbirth. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45 |
| Euphorbia corollata L. Flowering Spurge USDA EUCO10 |
Cherokee Drug, Pediatric Aid 'Juice rubbed on skin eruptions, especially on children's heads.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45 |
| Euphorbia corollata L. Flowering Spurge USDA EUCO10 |
Cherokee Drug, Toothache Remedy Root used for toothache. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45 |
| Euphorbia corollata L. Flowering Spurge USDA EUCO10 |
Cherokee Drug, Urinary Aid Infusion of bruised root taken for urinary diseases. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45 |
| Euphorbia corollata L. Flowering Spurge USDA EUCO10 |
Cherokee Drug, Urinary Aid Infusion of bruised roots taken for yellow urine. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 35 |
| Euphorbia corollata L. Flowering Spurge USDA EUCO10 |
Cherokee Drug, Venereal Aid Decoction taken for gonorrhea and 'similar diseases.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45 |
| Euphorbia corollata L. Flowering Spurge USDA EUCO10 |
Meskwaki Drug, Anthelmintic Compound infusion of root used to expel pinworms. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 220221 |
| Euphorbia corollata L. Flowering Spurge USDA EUCO10 |
Meskwaki Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Decoction of root taken for rheumatism. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 220221 |
| Euphorbia corollata L. Flowering Spurge USDA EUCO10 |
Meskwaki Drug, Cathartic Decoction of root or compound taken before breakfast as a physic. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 220221 |
| Euphorbia corollata L. Flowering Spurge USDA EUCO10 |
Micmac Drug, Emetic Root used as an emetic. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 56 |
| Euphorbia corollata L. Flowering Spurge USDA EUCO10 |
Ojibwa Drug, Cathartic Infusion of pounded root taken before eating as a physic. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 369 |
| Euthamia graminifolia var. graminifolia Flattop Goldentop USDA EUGRG |
Ojibwa Drug, Analgesic Infusion of flowers taken for chest pain. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 366 |
| Euthamia graminifolia var. graminifolia Flattop Goldentop USDA EUGRG |
Ojibwa Drug, Hunting Medicine Flowers used in the hunting medicine and smoked to simulate the odor of a deer's hoof. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 429 |
| Ferocactus cylindraceus var. cylindraceus California Barrelcactus USDA FECYC |
Cahuilla Food, Dried Food Flowers sun dried for storage. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 67 |
| Ferocactus cylindraceus var. cylindraceus California Barrelcactus USDA FECYC |
Cahuilla Food, Unspecified Flowers eaten fresh, parboiled or baked in a pit. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 67 |
| Fouquieria splendens Engelm. Ocotillo USDA FOSP2 |
Yavapai Food, Snack Food Flowers sucked by children for nectar. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 256 |
| Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill. Beach Strawberry USDA FRCHC |
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Ceremonial Items Berry used in the flower dance at the Strawberry Festival, danced by young girls. The wild strawberries could be eaten only after the strawberries were danced and blessed; they were eaten on picnic day. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 109 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt California Strawberry USDA FRVEC2 |
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Ceremonial Items Berry used in the flower dance at the Strawberry Festival, danced by young girls. The wild strawberries could be eaten only after the strawberries were danced and blessed; they were eaten on picnic day. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 110 |
| Fragaria vesca ssp. californica (Cham. & Schlecht.) Staudt California Strawberry USDA FRVEC2 |
Thompson Food, Spice Flowers and stems used to flavor roots. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 478 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Thompson Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of two bark strips and flowering dogwood bark taken for ulcers. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253 |
| Fraxinus americana L. White Ash USDA FRAM2 |
Meskwaki Drug, Snake Bite Remedy Decoction of flowers taken as an antidote for a bite, probably a snake bite. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 233 |
| Fritillaria camschatcensis (L.) Ker-Gawl. Kamchatka Missionbells USDA FRCA5 |
Hanaksiala Other, Ceremonial Items Flowers used on costumes for the New Year 'flower dance.' Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 196 |
| Fritillaria camschatcensis (L.) Ker-Gawl. Kamchatka Missionbells USDA FRCA5 |
Hanaksiala Other, Season Indicator Flower appearance signals the 'Indian New Year.' Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 196 |
| Fritillaria pudica (Pursh) Spreng. Yellow Missionbells USDA FRPU2 |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Season Indicator Flowers used as a sign that spring had arrived. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 46 |
| Fritillaria pudica (Pursh) Spreng. Yellow Missionbells USDA FRPU2 |
Shuswap Other, Decorations Flowers used to make a bouquet. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 54 |
| Gaillardia aristata Pursh Common Gaillardia USDA GAAR |
Blackfoot Drug, Orthopedic Aid Infusion of flower heads used as a footwash. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 124 |
| Gaillardia aristata Pursh Common Gaillardia USDA GAAR |
Blackfoot Food, Soup Flower heads used to absorb soups and broth. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 113 |