| Datura wrightii Regel Sacred Thornapple USDA DAWR2 |
Apache, White Mountain Drug, Disinfectant Plant juice or ground flowers and roots used as a disinfectant. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 156 |
| Datura wrightii Regel Sacred Thornapple USDA DAWR2 |
Costanoan Drug, Eye Medicine Flower dew used as an eyewash. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 14 |
| Datura wrightii Regel Sacred Thornapple USDA DAWR2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Veterinary Aid Cold infusion of flower used as an eyewash for blindness in horses and lotion used for sores. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 42 |
| Datura wrightii Regel Sacred Thornapple USDA DAWR2 |
Zuni Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of root and flower meal applied to wounds to promote healing. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 46, 48 |
| Delphinium bicolor Nutt. Little Larkspur USDA DEBIB |
Blackfoot Dye, Blue Flowers used as a light blue dye for quills. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 112 |
| Delphinium decorum Fisch. & C.A. Mey. Coastal Larkspur USDA DEDED |
Karok Other, Paint Flowers pounded, mixed with salmon glue and fresh mountain grapes and used to paint arrows and bows. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 383 |
| Delphinium hesperium Gray Foothill Larkspur USDA DEHEH |
Miwok Food, Vegetable Boiled leaves and flowers used for food. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 159 |
| Delphinium menziesii DC. Menzies' Larkspur USDA DEMEM |
Thompson Dye, Blue Flowers used as a blue dye for clothing. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 502 |
| Delphinium menziesii DC. Menzies' Larkspur USDA DEMEM |
Thompson Other, Paint Flowers used as a paint for clothing. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 502 |
| Delphinium nuttallianum Pritz ex Walp. Nuttal's Larkspur USDA DENU2 |
Okanagan-Colville Dye, Blue Flowers used to make a blue stain for coloring arrows and other items. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 119 |
| Delphinium nuttallianum Pritz. ex Walp. Nuttal's Larkspur USDA DENU2 |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Ceremonial Items Petals and other blue flowers ground and used ceremonially. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 27 |
| Delphinium scaposum Greene Tall Mountain Larkspur USDA DESC |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Ceremonial Items Petals and other blue flowers ground and used ceremonially. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 27 |
| Delphinium scopulorum Gray Rocky Mountain Larkspur USDA DEGL3 |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Petals and other blue flowers, ground and used for luck in hunting. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 27 |
| Delphinium sp. Larkspur |
Great Basin Indian Dye, Blue Flower blossoms used to make a blue dye. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 47 |
| Delphinium tenuisectum Greene Carrotleaf Larkspur USDA DEGE |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Ceremonial Items Petals and other blue flowers ground and used ceremonially. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 27 |
| Descurainia pinnata ssp. pinnata Western Tansymustard USDA DEPIP3 |
Hopi Other, Paint Flowers mixed with dark iron pigment used as a black color for pottery decoration. Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 15 |
| Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacM. ex B.L. Robins. & Fern. Prairie Bundleflower USDA DEIL |
Keres, Western Other, Unspecified Taxon known and named but no use was specified. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24 |
| Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacM. ex B.L. Robins. & Fern. Prairie Bundleflower USDA DEIL |
Omaha Other, Toys & Games Mature plant, with the seed-filled pods, used as rattles by little boys. The little boys used the rattles as they mimicked some of the native dances in play. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89 |
| Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacM. ex B.L. Robins. & Fern. Prairie Bundleflower USDA DEIL |
Paiute Drug, Eye Medicine Five seeds placed in eye at night for trachoma and washed out in morning. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 67 |
| Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacM. ex B.L. Robins. & Fern. Prairie Bundleflower USDA DEIL |
Pawnee Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of leaves used as a wash for itch. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89 |
| Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacM. ex B.L. Robins. & Fern. Prairie Bundleflower USDA DEIL |
Pawnee Other, Toys & Games Mature plant, with seed-filled pods, used as rattles by little boys, to mimic native dances. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89 |
| Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacM. ex B.L. Robins. & Fern. Prairie Bundleflower USDA DEIL |
Ponca Other, Toys & Games Mature plant, with seed-filled pods, used as rattles by little boys, to mimic native dances. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 89 |
| Desmodium nudiflorum (L.) DC. Nakedflower Ticktrefoil USDA DENU4 |
Cherokee Drug, Analgesic Infusion of root used as a wash for cramps. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59 |
| Desmodium nudiflorum (L.) DC. Nakedflower Ticktrefoil USDA DENU4 |
Cherokee Drug, Oral Aid Roots chewed for sore gums and mouth, including pyorrhea. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 59 |
| Dichanthelium laxiflorum (Lam.) Gould Openflower Rosette Grass USDA DILA9 |
Seminole Drug, Analgesic Infusion of leaves rubbed on the abdomen for labor pains. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 323 |
| Dichanthelium laxiflorum (Lam.) Gould Openflower Rosette Grass USDA DILA9 |
Seminole Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Whole plant used for rabbit sickness: muscular cramps. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 194 |
| Dichanthelium laxiflorum (Lam.) Gould Openflower Rosette Grass USDA DILA9 |
Seminole Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of plant taken & used as bath for gopher-tortoise sickness: cough, dry throat, noisy chest. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 236 |
| Dichanthelium laxiflorum (Lam.) Gould Openflower Rosette Grass USDA DILA9 |
Seminole Drug, Pulmonary Aid Infusion of plant taken & used as bath for gopher-tortoise sickness: cough, dry throat, noisy chest. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 236 |
| Dichanthelium laxiflorum (Lam.) Gould Openflower Rosette Grass USDA DILA9 |
Seminole Drug, Throat Aid Infusion of plant taken & used as bath for gopher-tortoise sickness: cough, dry throat, noisy chest. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 236 |
| Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum Congested Snakelily USDA DICAC5 |
Apache, San Carlos Food, Unspecified Blue flowers eaten raw. Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 258 |
| Dichelostemma ida-maia (Wood) Greene Ida May's Snakelily USDA DIID |
Karok Other, Decorations Flowers used for bouquets. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
| Digitalis purpurea L. Purple Foxglove USDA DIPUP2 |
Hoh Other, Ceremonial Items Flowers used for decorations in ceremonies. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 68 |
| Digitalis purpurea L. Purple Foxglove USDA DIPUP2 |
Quileute Other, Ceremonial Items Flowers used for decorations in ceremonies. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 68 |
| Dimorphocarpa wislizeni (Engelm.) Rollins Touristplant USDA DIWI2 |
Zuni Drug, Emetic Flower and fruit eaten as an emetic for stomachaches. Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 375 |
| Diplacus aurantiacus (W. Curtis) Jepson Orange Bush Monkeyflower USDA DIAUA |
Tubatulabal Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of leaves and flowers taken for stomachaches. Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 59 |
| Diplacus aurantiacus ssp. aurantiacus Orange Bush Monkeyflower USDA DIAUA |
Costanoan Drug, Kidney Aid Decoction of plant used for kidney problems. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 15 |
| Diplacus aurantiacus ssp. aurantiacus Orange Bush Monkeyflower USDA DIAUA |
Costanoan Drug, Urinary Aid Decoction of plant used for bladder problems. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 15 |
| Diplacus aurantiacus ssp. aurantiacus Orange Bush Monkeyflower USDA DIAUA |
Mahuna Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion of leaves, flowers and stems taken for diarrhea. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 6 |
| Diplacus aurantiacus ssp. aurantiacus Orange Bush Monkeyflower USDA DIAUA |
Pomo, Kashaya Drug, Eye Medicine Strained decoction of flower, stem and leaves used as an eyewash for sore eyes. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 72 |
| Diplacus longiflorus (Nutt.) A.L. Grant Southern Bush Monkeyflower USDA DILO6 |
Tubatulabal Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of leaves and flowers taken for stomachaches. Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 59 |
| Dodecatheon hendersonii Gray Mosquito Bills USDA DOHEH |
Mendocino Indian Other, Decorations Flowers used by women as ornaments for dances. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 378 |
| Dodecatheon hendersonii Gray Mosquito Bills USDA DOHEH |
Pomo, Kashaya Drug, Sedative Flowers hung on baby baskets to make the baby sleepy. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 105 |
| Dodecatheon jeffreyi Van Houtte Tall Mountain Shootingstar USDA DOJEJ |
Thompson Drug, Love Medicine Flowers used by women 'to obtain the love of men and to help them control men.' Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 506 |
| Dodecatheon jeffreyi Van Houtte Tall Mountain Shootingstar USDA DOJEJ |
Thompson Other, Good Luck Charm Flowers used as a charm 'to obtain wealth & to make people give presents.' Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 506 |
| Dodecatheon pulchellum (Raf.) Merr. Darkthroat Shootingstar USDA DOPUP2 |
Thompson Other, Designs Flower used as a pattern for beadwork on gloves, moccasins, vests and jackets. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 245 |
| Dodecatheon pulchellum ssp. pulchellum Darkthroat Shootingstar USDA DOPUP2 |
Okanagan-Colville Dye, Red Flowers mashed and smeared on arrows to color them pink. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117 |
| Doellingeria umbellata var. umbellata Parasol Aster USDA DOUMU |
Potawatomi Drug, Witchcraft Medicine Flowers smudged to repel evil spirits from sickroom. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 50 |
| Dudleya sp. Pygmy Weed |
Cahuilla Food, Unspecified Leaves and flowering stems eaten raw. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 67 |
| Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. Pale Purple Coneflower USDA ECPA |
Cheyenne Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Decoction of roots and leaves taken for rheumatism and arthritis. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 38 |
| Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. Pale Purple Coneflower USDA ECPA |
Cheyenne Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Decoction of roots taken for rheumatism and arthritis. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 20 |