| Ipomopsis longiflora ssp. longiflora Flaxflowered Gilia USDA IPLOL |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Plant used as 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 40 |
| Ipomopsis longiflora ssp. longiflora Flaxflowered Gilia USDA IPLOL |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Veterinary Aid Cold infusion of plant applied daily to heal incision in castrated colt. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 40 |
| Ipomopsis longiflora ssp. longiflora Flaxflowered Gilia USDA IPLOL |
Tewa Drug, Analgesic Infusion of pulverized flowers and leaves used for headache. Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 55 |
| Ipomopsis longiflora ssp. longiflora Flaxflowered Gilia USDA IPLOL |
Tewa Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion of pulverized flowers and leaves used on sores. Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 55 |
| Ipomopsis longiflora ssp. longiflora Flaxflowered Gilia USDA IPLOL |
Zuni Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of dried, powdered flowers and water applied to remove hair on newborns and children. Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 378 |
| Ipomopsis longiflora ssp. longiflora Flaxflowered Gilia USDA IPLOL |
Zuni Drug, Pediatric Aid Poultice of dried, powdered flowers and water applied to remove hair on newborns and children. Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 378 |
| Ipomopsis multiflora (Nutt.) V. Grant Manyflowered Gilia USDA IPMU3 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Decoction of plant used as a ceremonial medicine. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 40 |
| Ipomopsis multiflora (Nutt.) V. Grant Manyflowered Gilia USDA IPMU3 |
Zuni Drug, Analgesic Powdered, whole plant applied to face for headache. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 52 |
| Ipomopsis multiflora (Nutt.) V. Grant Manyflowered Gilia USDA IPMU3 |
Zuni Drug, Dermatological Aid Powdered plant applied to wounds. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 52 |
| Ipomopsis multiflora (Nutt.) V. Grant Manyflowered Gilia USDA IPMU3 |
Zuni Drug, Pulmonary Aid Crushed blossoms smoked in corn husks to 'relieve strangulation.' Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 52 |
| Iris douglasiana Herbert Douglas Iris USDA IRDO |
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Ceremonial Items Flowers used in dance wreathes at the Strawberry Festival. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 62 |
| Iris missouriensis Nutt. Rocky Mountain Iris USDA IRMI |
Jemez Other, Decorations Flower used as a decoration for dances. Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24 |
| Justicia californica (Benth.) D. Gibson Beloperone USDA JUCA8 |
Diegueno Food, Sweetener Flower sucked for the nectar. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 47 |
| Kalmia angustifolia L. Sheep Laurel USDA KAAN |
Cree, Hudson Bay Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of twigs with leaves and flowers taken for bowel complaints. Holmes, E.M., 1884, Medicinal Plants Used by Cree Indians, Hudson's Bay Territory, The Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions 15:302-304, page 303 |
| Kalmia angustifolia L. Sheep Laurel USDA KAAN |
Cree, Hudson Bay Drug, Tonic Decoction of twigs with leaves and flowers taken as a tonic. Holmes, E.M., 1884, Medicinal Plants Used by Cree Indians, Hudson's Bay Territory, The Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions 15:302-304, page 303 |
| Krigia biflora (Walt.) Blake Twoflower Dwarfdandelion USDA KRBIB |
Menominee Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Stem used by hunters to make a wail that simulated a fawn in distress & lured the doe to the hunter. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 80 |
| Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. Bottle Gourd USDA LASI |
Hopi Other, Decorations Used to make noses, horns and flowers for masks. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 93 |
| Lathyrus polymorphus ssp. polymorphus var. polymorphus Manystem Peavine USDA LAPOP2 |
Keres, Western Other, Decorations Flowers used for bouquets. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 51 |
| Ledum groenlandicum Oeder Bog Labradortea USDA LEGR |
Cree, Hudson Bay Drug, Analgesic Infusion of flowering tops used for insect sting pain. Holmes, E.M., 1884, Medicinal Plants Used by Cree Indians, Hudson's Bay Territory, The Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions 15:302-304, page 303 |
| Ledum groenlandicum Oeder Bog Labradortea USDA LEGR |
Cree, Hudson Bay Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Infusion of flowering tops used for rheumatism. Holmes, E.M., 1884, Medicinal Plants Used by Cree Indians, Hudson's Bay Territory, The Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions 15:302-304, page 303 |
| Ledum groenlandicum Oeder Bog Labradortea USDA LEGR |
Cree, Hudson Bay Drug, Orthopedic Aid Infusion of flowering tops used for tender feet. Holmes, E.M., 1884, Medicinal Plants Used by Cree Indians, Hudson's Bay Territory, The Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions 15:302-304, page 303 |
| Ledum groenlandicum Oeder Bog Labradortea USDA LEGR |
Cree, Woodlands Food, Beverage Plant, with flower tops removed, used to make a tea. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 42 |
| Lepidium nitidum Nutt. Shining Pepperweed USDA LENIN |
Diegueno Food, Vegetable Plant tops and flowers boiled and eaten as greens. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 23 |
| Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. Oxeyedaisy USDA LEVU |
Iroquois Drug, Eye Medicine Infusion of flowers and roots with other plants used as an eyewash. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 64 |
| Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. Oxeyedaisy USDA LEVU |
Mohegan Drug, Tonic Flowers used to make a tonic. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 72, 128 |
| Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. Oxeyedaisy USDA LEVU |
Quileute Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of dried flowers and stems used as a wash for chapped hands. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49 |
| Lilium philadelphicum var. andinum (Nutt.) Ker-Gawl. Wood Lily USDA LIPHA |
Dakota Drug, Dermatological Aid Pulverized or chewed flowers applied as antidote for spider bites. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 71 |
| Linanthus ciliatus (Benth.) Greene Whiskerbrush USDA LICIC |
Yuki Food, Substitution Food Flowering heads used in the summer as a substitute for coffee. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 381 |
| Linaria vulgaris P. Mill. Butter And Eggs USDA LIVU2 |
Iroquois Drug, Pediatric Aid Compound infusion of plants and flowers given to babies that cry too much. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 433 |
| Linaria vulgaris P. Mill. Butter And Eggs USDA LIVU2 |
Iroquois Drug, Sedative Compound infusion of plants and flowers given to babies that cry too much. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 433 |
| Linnaea borealis L. Twinflower USDA LIBOA |
Carrier Food, Unspecified Species used for food. Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 74 |
| Linnaea borealis L. Twinflower USDA LIBOA |
Montagnais Drug, Orthopedic Aid Mashed plant used for 'inflammation of the limbs.' Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 314 |
| Linnaea borealis L. Twinflower USDA LIBOA |
Tanana, Upper Drug, Analgesic Poultice of the whole plant applied to the head for headaches. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 18 |
| Linnaea borealis L. Twinflower USDA LIBOA |
Tanana, Upper Drug, Pediatric Aid Poultice of the whole plant applied to the child's head to insure him a long life. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 18 |
| Linnaea borealis L. Twinflower USDA LIBOA |
Tanana, Upper Drug, Psychological Aid Poultice of the whole plant applied to the child's head to insure him a long life. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 18 |
| Linnaea borealis L. Twinflower USDA LIBOA |
Thompson Drug, Unspecified Decoction of plant used as a medicine for unspecified purpose. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 458 |
| Linnaea borealis ssp. longiflora (Torr.) Hult‚n Longtube Twinflower USDA LIBOL2 |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of entire plant used by pregnant women to insure the good health of the child. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 235 |
| Linnaea borealis ssp. longiflora (Torr.) Hult‚n Longtube Twinflower USDA LIBOL2 |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of entire plant used for menstrual difficulties. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 235 |
| Linnaea borealis ssp. longiflora (Torr.) Hult‚n Longtube Twinflower USDA LIBOL2 |
Iroquois Drug, Febrifuge Decoction of twigs given to children with fever. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 444 |
| Linnaea borealis ssp. longiflora (Torr.) Hult‚n Longtube Twinflower USDA LIBOL2 |
Iroquois Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of twigs given to children with cramps. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 444 |
| Linnaea borealis ssp. longiflora (Torr.) Hult‚n Longtube Twinflower USDA LIBOL2 |
Iroquois Drug, Pediatric Aid Decoction of twigs given to children with cramps, fever or for crying. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 444 |
| Linnaea borealis ssp. longiflora (Torr.) Hult‚n Longtube Twinflower USDA LIBOL2 |
Iroquois Drug, Sedative Decoction of twigs given to children for crying. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 444 |
| Linnaea borealis ssp. longiflora (Torr.) Hult‚n Longtube Twinflower USDA LIBOL2 |
Potawatomi Drug, Gynecological Aid Entire plant used for unspecified female troubles. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 45, 46 |
| Linnaea borealis ssp. longiflora (Torr.) Hult‚n Longtube Twinflower USDA LIBOL2 |
Snohomish Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of leaves taken for colds. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 47 |
| Linum lewisii Pursh Prairie Flax USDA LIPE2 |
Okanagon Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion of flowers, leaves and stem used as skin and hair wash by young females. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42 |
| Linum lewisii Pursh Prairie Flax USDA LIPE2 |
Okanagon Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of flowers, leaves and stem used as skin and hair wash by young females. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42 |
| Linum lewisii Pursh Prairie Flax USDA LIPE2 |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of stems and flowers used as wash by girls for beautiful hair and face. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 507 |
| Linum lewisii Pursh Prairie Flax USDA LIPE2 |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion of flowers, leaves and stem used as skin and hair wash by young females. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42 |
| Linum lewisii Pursh Prairie Flax USDA LIPE2 |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion of flowers, leaves and stems used as wash for adolescents' skin and hair. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 467 |
| Linum lewisii Pursh Prairie Flax USDA LIPE2 |
Thompson Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of flowers, leaves and stem used as skin and hair wash by young females. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42 |