| Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. Snowball Sand Verbena USDA ABFR2 |
Keres, Western Other, Ceremonial Items Flowers made into ceremonial necklaces. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 24 |
| Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. Snowball Sand Verbena USDA ABFR2 |
Ute Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Roots and flowers used for stomach and bowel troubles. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1909, Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians, American Anthropologist 11:27-40, page 32 |
| Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. Snowball Sand Verbena USDA ABFR2 |
Zuni Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Fresh flowers eaten for stomachaches. Camazine, Scott and Robert A. Bye, 1980, A Study Of The Medical Ethnobotany Of The Zuni Indians of New Mexico, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2:365-388, page 377 |
| Abutilon incanum (Link) Sweet Pelotazo USDA ABIN |
Hawaiian Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Dried flowers eaten for gripping stomachaches. Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 69 |
| Abutilon incanum (Link) Sweet Pelotazo USDA ABIN |
Hawaiian Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Flowers, root bark and other plants pounded, resulting liquid heated and taken for stomachaches. Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 69 |
| Acer rubrum L. Red Maple USDA ACRUR |
Ojibwa Other, Designs Leaf frequently used in the Ojibwe beadwork designs. Many leaves, flowers and fruits furnish designs. Since the plants are sacred to their midewiwin or medicine lodge, it is common for them to use especially valuable remedies in their designs. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 412 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule Drug, Analgesic Decoction of leaves and flowers used for headaches. Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 118 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Blackfoot Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Poultice of chewed flowers applied to swollen parts. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Blackfoot Food, Beverage Leaves and flowers used to make a pleasant tea. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Cheyenne Drug, Analgesic Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for chest pains. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 17 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Cheyenne Drug, Heart Medicine Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for heart troubles and chest pains. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 17 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Cree, Woodlands Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Dried flowers used for lynx bait. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 23 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Klamath Food, Preservative Stem, leaf and flower placed inside fish cavity as a preservative. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 105 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Lummi Drug, Analgesic Decoction of flowers taken for body aches. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Lummi Drug, Diaphoretic Decoction of flowers taken to produce sweating. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Lummi Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Decoction of flowers taken to prevent mumps. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 49 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Mendocino Indian Drug, Analgesic Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for headaches. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 391 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Mendocino Indian Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion of leaves and flowers used as a wash for bruises. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 391 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Mendocino Indian Drug, Eye Medicine Infusion of leaves and flowers used as a wash for sore eyes. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 391 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Mendocino Indian Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for stomachaches. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 391 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Mendocino Indian Drug, Orthopedic Aid Infusion of leaves and flowers used as a wash for sprains. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 391 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Mendocino Indian Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for consumption. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 391 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Miwok Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for bad colds. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 166 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Miwok Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Infusion of leaves and flowers used externally for influenza. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 166 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Potawatomi Drug, Stimulant Flowers smudged on live coals to revive comatose patient. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 47, 48 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Potawatomi Drug, Witchcraft Medicine Flowers smudged on live coals to repel evil spirits. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 47, 48 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Shuswap Drug, Blood Medicine Decoction of flowers and roots taken as a blood purifier. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 58 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Thompson Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of flowers taken in small quantities for colds. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Thompson Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Infusion of flowers taken in small quantities for influenza. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Thompson Drug, Urinary Aid Infusion of flowers taken in small quantities for bladder trouble. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 166 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Yuki Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for cold in the chest. Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 47 |
| Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow USDA ACMIM2 |
Yuki Drug, Respiratory Aid Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for cold in the chest. Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 47 |
| Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC. Western Yarrow USDA ACMIO |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Pediatric Aid Flowers & wild mint flowers wrapped in a cloth, dipped in water & used to remove teething gum pus. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 22 |
| Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC. Western Yarrow USDA ACMIO |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Toothache Remedy Flowers & wild mint flowers wrapped in a cloth, dipped in water & used to remove teething gum pus. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 22 |
| Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC. Western Yarrow USDA ACMIO |
Ojibwa Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Compound containing flowering heads smoked for ceremonial purposes. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 362 |
| Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC. Western Yarrow USDA ACMIO |
Ojibwa Other, Ceremonial Items Flower heads used in the kinnikinnick mixture smoked in medicine lodge ceremonies. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417 |
| Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC. Western Yarrow USDA ACMIO |
Ojibwa Other, Smoke Plant Flower heads used in the kinnikinnick mixture smoked in medicine lodge ceremonies. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 417 |
| Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC. Western Yarrow USDA ACMIO |
Shoshoni Drug, Analgesic Decoction of flower taken for stomachaches and used as a liniment for muscular pains. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33 |
| Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC. Western Yarrow USDA ACMIO |
Shoshoni Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of flower used as a wash for itching. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33 |
| Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC. Western Yarrow USDA ACMIO |
Shoshoni Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of flowers taken for stomachaches or indigestion. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33 |
| Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC. Western Yarrow USDA ACMIO |
Shoshoni Drug, Orthopedic Aid Decoction of flowers used as a liniment for muscular pains. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 31-33 |
| Achillea sp. |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Analgesic Fresh, crushed flower inserted into the nostril for headaches. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 23 |
| Achillea sp. |
Cree, Woodlands Drug, Burn Dressing Poultice of a flower applied to burn pains. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 23 |
| Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze Blue Giant Hyssop USDA AGFO |
Cree Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Flowers frequently included in medicine bundles. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 51 |
| Agave americana L. American Century Plant USDA AGAMA2 |
Papago Food, Vegetable Central flowering stalks eaten as greens in spring before they emerged. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14 |
| Agave americana L. American Century Plant USDA AGAMA2 |
Papago Food, Vegetable Flower stalks eaten as greens. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 16 |
| Agave americana L. American Century Plant USDA AGAMA2 |
Papago Food, Vegetable Flower stalks roasted in ashes and eaten as greens. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 46 |
| Agave deserti Engelm. Desert Agave USDA AGDED |
Cahuilla Food, Dried Food Flowers parboiled to release the bitterness and dried for future use. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31 |
| Agave deserti Engelm. Desert Agave USDA AGDED |
Cahuilla Food, Unspecified Flowers parboiled to release the bitterness and eaten. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31 |
| Agave palmeri Engelm. Palmer's Century Plant USDA AGPA3 |
Apache, Western Food, Beverage Flower stalk baked and chewed for juice. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 169 |