| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Lakota Other, Toys & Games Stems made into hoops with leather covers to use in a game. Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 56 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Maidu Fiber, Basketry Withes used to make basket rims. Swartz, Jr., B. K., 1958, A Study of Material Aspects of Northeastern Maidu Basketry, Kroeber Anthropological Society Publications 19:67-84, page 71 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Mendocino Indian Food, Fruit Black, glaucous berries eaten fresh. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 355 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Mendocino Indian Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make arrows. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 355 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Modesse Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 223 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Montana Indian Food, Beverage Berries used to make wine. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 6 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Montana Indian Food, Beverage Fruits used to make wine. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 9 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Montana Indian Food, Bread & Cake Fruits sun dried, pounded, formed into patties and stored for winter use. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 9 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Montana Indian Food, Forage Berries eaten by bears and grouse. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 9 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Montana Indian Food, Forage Young stems and leaves eaten by elk, deer, moose and mountain sheep. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 9 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Montana Indian Food, Fruit Berries spiced and eaten. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 6 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Montana Indian Food, Pie & Pudding Berries used to make pies. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 6 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Montana Indian Food, Pie & Pudding Fruits made into pies and eaten. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 9 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Montana Indian Food, Preserves Berries used to make jam. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 6 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Montana Indian Food, Preserves Fruits made into jams and jellies. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 9 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Montana Indian Food, Soup Fruits sun dried and eaten in meat stews. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 9 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Montana Indian Food, Winter Use Food Large quantities of berries gathered and dried for winter use. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 6 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Montana Indian Other, Weapon Very hard and tough wood used for making arrows and ramrods. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 6 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Navajo Food, Fruit Fruits eaten for food. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 52 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of branches taken for colds. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Contraceptive Decoction of branch ashes and pine branch or bud ashes taken to prevent having children. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Tonic Decoction of branches taken as a general tonic. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Cordage Young branches twisted into rope. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Dried Food Berries dried for future use. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Frozen Food Berries frozen for future use. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh, with sugar or cooked. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Pie & Pudding Berries used to make pies and puddings. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Sweetener Dried berries used to sweeten 'Indian ice cream.' Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Winter Use Food Berries canned for future use. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make arrows and spears. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Tools Wood used to make digging sticks and seed beaters. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Okanagon Food, Bread & Cake Berries pressed into cakes and used for food. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Okanagon Food, Staple Berries used as a principle food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Okanagon Other, Cash Crop Traded with the Coast Indians. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Okanagon Other, Tools Wood used to make root diggers and other tools. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Omaha Food, Fruit Prized berries used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Omaha Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used for arrow shafts. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Omaha Other, Toys & Games Plant used to make popgun pistons. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Pawnee Other, Toys & Games Plant used to make popgun pistons. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Pomo Drug, Gynecological Aid Decoction of roots taken for too frequent menstruation. Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 13 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Ponca Food, Fruit Prized berries used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Ponca Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used for arrow shafts. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 87 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Ponca Other, Toys & Games Plant used to make popgun pistons. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Saanich Food, Fruit Berries eaten in late summer. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 86 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Salish, Coast Food, Fruit Berries eaten in late summer. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 86 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Salish, Coast Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood occasionally used to make arrows. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 86 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Shuswap Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 65 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Shuswap Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Stems of the young plant used for arrows. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 65 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Thompson Drug, Contraceptive Decoction of plant and bitter cherry taken as birth control. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Thompson Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of bark taken for stomach troubles. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 462 |