| Cercocarpus montanus Raf. True Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOM4 |
Navajo Other, Tools Wood used to make the handle of the weaving distaff. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 53 |
| Cercocarpus montanus Raf. True Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOM4 |
Navajo Other, Toys & Games Wood used to make dice and the sweathouse for ceremonies. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 53 |
| Cercocarpus montanus Raf. True Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOM4 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Compound decoction of leaves taken and used as lotion for sickness from overeating. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 30 |
| Cercocarpus montanus Raf. True Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOM4 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Gynecological Aid Decoction of plant used to hasten postpartum recovery. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 30 |
| Cercocarpus montanus Raf. True Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOM4 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Hunting Medicine Leaves from shrubs browsed by deer chewed by hunter for good luck in hunting. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 30 |
| Cercocarpus montanus Raf. True Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOM4 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Root used as a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 30 |
| Cercocarpus montanus Raf. True Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOM4 |
Navajo, Ramah Dye, Brown Decoction of root bark used as a brown dye for buckskin and wool. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 30 |
| Cercocarpus montanus Raf. True Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOM4 |
Navajo, Ramah Dye, Red Used as a red dye for baskets. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 30 |
| Cercocarpus montanus Raf. True Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOM4 |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Ceremonial Items Wood made into stirring sticks for Chiricahua Windway mixed decoction. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 30 |
| Cercocarpus montanus Raf. True Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOM4 |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Tools Wood used to make tool handles and weaving combs. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 30 |
| Cercocarpus montanus Raf. True Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOM4 |
Tewa Drug, Laxative Cold infusion of plant or leaves taken as a laxative. Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 45 |
| Cercocarpus montanus Raf. True Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOM4 |
Tewa Other, Tools Wood used to make rabbit sticks. Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 45 |
| Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin Birchleaf Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOG |
Apache, White Mountain Drug, Burn Dressing Wood burned, the charcoal powdered and applied to burns. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 156 |
| Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin Birchleaf Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOG |
Apache, White Mountain Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make bows. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 156 |
| Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin Birchleaf Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOG |
California Indian Other, Smoking Tools Root used to make pipe bowls. Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 62 |
| Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin Birchleaf Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOG |
California Indian Other, Tools Wood used for digging sticks. Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 62 |
| Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin Birchleaf Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOG |
California Indian Other, Weapon Wood used to make clubs. Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 62 |
| Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin Birchleaf Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOG |
Hopi Other, Ceremonial Items Wood used to make pahos (prayersticks). Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 298 |
| Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin Birchleaf Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOG |
Hopi Other, Tools Wood used to make implements. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 298 |
| Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin Birchleaf Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOG |
Karok Other, Tools Hard wood used to make digging sticks. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 384 |
| Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin Birchleaf Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOG |
Kawaiisu Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of roots used for coughing. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 18 |
| Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin Birchleaf Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOG |
Kawaiisu Drug, Internal Medicine Decoction of roots used for internal ills. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 18 |
| Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin Birchleaf Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOG |
Kawaiisu Other, Smoking Tools Wood carved into a pipe head and used with a hollowed section of a honeysuckle twig as a pipe stem. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 18 |
| Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin Birchleaf Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOG |
Mahuna Drug, Venereal Aid Infusion of bark and roots taken for venereal disease or gonorrhea gleet (urethral discharge). Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 70 |
| Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin Birchleaf Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOG |
Mendocino Indian Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood formerly used to make arrow tips. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 354 |
| Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin Birchleaf Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOG |
Mendocino Indian Other, Tools Wood formerly used to make tools for digging Indian potatoes and worms out of the ground. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 354 |
| Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin Birchleaf Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOG |
Mendocino Indian Other, Weapon Large sticks used for war spears and fighting clubs. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 354 |
| Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin Birchleaf Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOG |
Modesse Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used for spear points. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 223 |
| Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin Birchleaf Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOG |
Modesse Other, Tools Wood used for digging sticks. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 223 |
| Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin Birchleaf Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOG |
Wintoon Other, Tools Wood used to make digging sticks. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264 |
| Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin Birchleaf Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOG |
Yuki Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make bows. Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 93 |
| Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (S. Wats.) F.L. Martin Birchleaf Mountain Mahogany USDA CEMOG |
Yuki Other, Walking Sticks Wood used to make canes. Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 93 |
| Cercocarpus sp. Mountain Mahogany |
Keresan Dye, Red Used to make a red dye for staining moccasins. White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 562 |
| Chamaebatia foliolosa Benth. Sierran Mountain Misery USDA CHFO |
Miwok Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Infusion of leaves taken for rheumatism. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 168 |
| Chamaebatia foliolosa Benth. Sierran Mountain Misery USDA CHFO |
Miwok Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of leaves taken for colds. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 168 |
| Chamaebatia foliolosa Benth. Sierran Mountain Misery USDA CHFO |
Miwok Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of leaves taken for coughs. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 168 |
| Chamaebatia foliolosa Benth. Sierran Mountain Misery USDA CHFO |
Miwok Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Infusion of leaves taken for chicken pox, measles and smallpox. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 168 |
| Chamaebatia foliolosa Benth. Sierran Mountain Misery USDA CHFO |
Miwok Drug, Venereal Aid Leaves used as ingredient in medicines for venereal diseases. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 168 |
| Chamaebatiaria millefolium (Torr.) Maxim. Fernbush USDA CHMI2 |
Gosiute Drug, Venereal Aid Plant used for gonorrhea. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 365 |
| Chamaebatiaria millefolium (Torr.) Maxim. Fernbush USDA CHMI2 |
Gosiute Drug, Venereal Aid Poultice of plant applied or plant used as wash for venereal diseases. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 351 |
| Chamaebatiaria millefolium (Torr.) Maxim. Fernbush USDA CHMI2 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Hunting Medicine Leaves rolled in corn husk smoked for good luck in hunting. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 30 |
| Chamaebatiaria millefolium (Torr.) Maxim. Fernbush USDA CHMI2 |
Navajo, Ramah Food, Fodder Used as sheep, goat and deer feed and not eaten by cattle. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 30 |
| Chamaebatiaria millefolium (Torr.) Maxim. Fernbush USDA CHMI2 |
Paiute Drug, Orthopedic Aid Compound decoction of young shoots taken for lumbago. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 56, 57 |
| Chamaebatiaria millefolium (Torr.) Maxim. Fernbush USDA CHMI2 |
Shoshoni Drug, Analgesic Decoction of fresh or dried leaves taken for stomachaches or cramps. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 56, 57 |
| Chamaebatiaria millefolium (Torr.) Maxim. Fernbush USDA CHMI2 |
Shoshoni Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of fresh or dried leaves taken for stomachaches or cramps. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 56, 57 |
| Cicuta virosa L. Mackenzie's Water Hemlock USDA CIVI5 |
Alaska Native Drug, Poison Roots considered poisonous. Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 153 |
| Cicuta virosa L. Mackenzie's Water Hemlock USDA CIVI5 |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Food, Unspecified Leaves boiled with fresh fish. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 192 |
| Cicuta virosa L. Mackenzie's Water Hemlock USDA CIVI5 |
Eskimo, Inupiat Drug, Poison Whole plant considered poisonous. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 137 |
| Cicuta virosa L. Mackenzie's Water Hemlock USDA CIVI5 |
Eskimo, Kuskokwagmiut Drug, Poison Root 'considered to be poisonous to people.' Oswalt, W. H., 1957, A Western Eskimo Ethnobotany, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 6:17-36, page 21 |
| Cicuta virosa L. Mackenzie's Water Hemlock USDA CIVI5 |
Eskimo, Western Drug, Poison Roots considered poisonous. Lantis, Margaret, 1959, Folk Medicine and Hygiene, Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 8:1-75, page 17 |