| Agrimonia gryposepala Wallr. Tall Hairy Agrimony USDA AGGR2 |
Iroquois Drug, Emetic Decoction of plants taken for diarrhea and as emetic for 'summer complaint.' Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 358 |
| Agrimonia gryposepala Wallr. Tall Hairy Agrimony USDA AGGR2 |
Iroquois Drug, Other Infusion given to children for diarrhea, 'summer complaint' and vomiting. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 357 |
| Agrimonia gryposepala Wallr. Tall Hairy Agrimony USDA AGGR2 |
Iroquois Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion given to children for diarrhea, 'summer complaint' and vomiting. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 357 |
| Agrimonia gryposepala Wallr. Tall Hairy Agrimony USDA AGGR2 |
Meskwaki Drug, Hemostat Root used as a styptic for nosebleeds. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 241 |
| Agrimonia gryposepala Wallr. Tall Hairy Agrimony USDA AGGR2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Urinary Aid Compound containing root used as a medicine for urinary troubles. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 383384 |
| Agrimonia gryposepala Wallr. Tall Hairy Agrimony USDA AGGR2 |
Potawatomi Drug, Hemostat Plant used as styptic and infusion snuffed for nosebleed by Prairie Potawatomi. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 76 |
| Agrimonia parviflora Ait. Harvestlice USDA AGPA6 |
Cherokee Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion of burs taken to 'check bowels.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22 |
| Agrimonia parviflora Ait. Harvestlice USDA AGPA6 |
Cherokee Drug, Blood Medicine Infusion of root taken to build up blood. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22 |
| Agrimonia parviflora Ait. Harvestlice USDA AGPA6 |
Cherokee Drug, Dermatological Aid Powdered root compound used for pox. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22 |
| Agrimonia parviflora Ait. Harvestlice USDA AGPA6 |
Cherokee Drug, Dietary Aid Infusion of root given to satisfy children's hunger. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22 |
| Agrimonia parviflora Ait. Harvestlice USDA AGPA6 |
Cherokee Drug, Febrifuge Infusion of burs taken for fever. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22 |
| Agrimonia parviflora Ait. Harvestlice USDA AGPA6 |
Cherokee Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Cold infusion of pulverized root taken for bowels. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22 |
| Agrimonia parviflora Ait. Harvestlice USDA AGPA6 |
Cherokee Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of burs taken to 'check discharge.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22 |
| Agrimonia parviflora Ait. Harvestlice USDA AGPA6 |
Cherokee Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of root given to satisfy children's hunger. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 22 |
| Agrimonia sp. |
Iroquois Drug, Liver Aid Compound decoction of roots taken for too much gall. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 357 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Atsugewi Food, Dried Food Dried, stored berries soaked in water and eaten. Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Atsugewi Food, Porridge Ripe, mashed fruit added to water to form a paste and eaten without cooking. Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Bella Coola Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 208 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Blackfoot Drug, Cathartic Infusion of plant and choke cherry cambium taken as a purge. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 68 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Blackfoot Drug, Ear Medicine Decoction of berry juice used for eardrops. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 80 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Blackfoot Drug, Eye Medicine Decoction of dried berries or berry juice dripped into the eye and covered with a soft hide piece. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 80 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Blackfoot Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Berry juice taken for an upset stomach. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Blackfoot Drug, Laxative Berry juice taken as a mild laxative. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Blackfoot Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of plant & choke cherry cambium taken by nursing mothers to pass medicinal values to baby. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 68 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Blackfoot Food, Dessert Berries and buffalo fat used to make a soup eaten as a dessert at feasts. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 37 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Blackfoot Food, Dried Food Berries dried and stored, some with backfat, for future use. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Blackfoot Food, Dried Food Berries dried for future use. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 37 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Blackfoot Food, Fruit Berries and fat stuffed into an intestine, boiled and eaten like a sausage. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Blackfoot Food, Fruit Crushed berries, animal fat and dried meat used to make pemmican. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Blackfoot Food, Fruit Dried berries used to make sausages. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Blackfoot Food, Preserves Berries used to make preserves. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 26 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Blackfoot Food, Snack Food Berries and red osier dogwood berries used as a favorite snack reserved for men. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Blackfoot Food, Snack Food Berries used to make tasty snacks. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 26 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Blackfoot Food, Soup Crushed leaves mixed with blood, dried and used to make a rich broth in winter. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Blackfoot Food, Soup Dried berries used to make soups. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Blackfoot Food, Special Food Berries used in ritual meals. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 26 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Blackfoot Food, Special Food Berry soup used for most ceremonial events. These ceremonial events included the transfer of a tipi design or the opening of a Medicine Pipe bundle or a Beaver bundle. The woman prepared the soup from berries, assorted roots, fat and water. At an appointed time during the ceremony this soup was served to all participants. The soup was blessed, and an offering of one of the berries was put back into the ground, before eating began. A few mouthfuls were taken; then the remainder of the soup was given to one or another of the women, who would take it home to her children. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 26 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Blackfoot Food, Staple Berries used as a staple food. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Blackfoot Food, Winter Use Food Crushed berries mixed with flour for winter storage. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Blackfoot Other, Cash Crop Dried berries traded for tobacco. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 37 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Blackfoot Other, Ceremonial Items Berries, elk manure and tobacco seed planted in small prairie plot in the Tobacco Planting ceremony. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 26 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Blackfoot Other, Ceremonial Items Forked sticks used in religious rituals. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 37 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Blackfoot Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Shoots used to make arrows. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 37 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Blackfoot Other, Toys & Games Berries used in an harvesting game. Favors were asked while presenting a gift of four of the berries. The receiver was obliged to return the goodwill. Girls played a game while harvesting the berries. After some berries had been gathered the girls would sit together and hold their breath while another called out 'tops, tops, tops' at a regular beat. Each girl put a berry in her bag for every call and the one who held her breath the longest won all the other girls' berries. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Cheyenne Drug, Dietary Aid Smashed fruits used to improve loss of appetite in children. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 34 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Cheyenne Drug, Pediatric Aid Smashed fruits used to improve loss of appetite in children. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 34 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Cheyenne Drug, Unspecified Smashed fruits used as an ingredient for medicinal mixtures. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 34 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Cheyenne Food, Beverage Leaves used to make a red beverage tea. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 34 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Cheyenne Food, Beverage Leaves used to make tea. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 176 |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roemer Saskatoon Serviceberry USDA AMALA |
Cheyenne Food, Pie & Pudding Fruits boiled, sugar and flour added and eaten as a pudding. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 34 |