| Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl. f.) K. Koch Waxyfruit Hawthorn USDA CRPR2 |
Iroquois Food, Fruit Dried fruit taken as a hunting food. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
| Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl. f.) K. Koch Waxyfruit Hawthorn USDA CRPR2 |
Iroquois Food, Sauce & Relish Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
| Crataegus punctata Jacq. Dotted Hawthorn USDA CRPU |
Iroquois Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of little branches without leaves and other plants taken for large stomachs. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 46 |
| Crataegus punctata Jacq. Dotted Hawthorn USDA CRPU |
Iroquois Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of little branches without leaves and other plants taken for large stomachs. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 46 |
| Crataegus punctata Jacq. Dotted Hawthorn USDA CRPU |
Iroquois Drug, Gynecological Aid Compound decoction of shoots and bark taken to stop menstrual flow. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 351 |
| Crataegus punctata Jacq. Dotted Hawthorn USDA CRPU |
Iroquois Drug, Witchcraft Medicine Decoction taken to prevent 'breaking out like cancer' caused by witchcraft. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 351 |
| Crataegus rivularis Nutt. River Hawthorn USDA CRRI |
Mendocino Indian Drug, Poison Thorns considered poisonous. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 355 |
| Crataegus rivularis Nutt. River Hawthorn USDA CRRI |
Mendocino Indian Other, Fuel Wood used for fuel. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 355 |
| Crataegus rivularis Nutt. River Hawthorn USDA CRRI |
Okanagon Food, Staple Berries used as a principle food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238 |
| Crataegus sp. |
Abnaki Food, Fruit Fruits eaten by children. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 168 |
| Crataegus sp. |
Algonquin, Quebec Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 91 |
| Crataegus sp. |
Chippewa Drug, Analgesic Compound decoction of root taken for back pain. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 356 |
| Crataegus sp. |
Chippewa Drug, Gynecological Aid Compound decoction of root taken for 'female weakness.' Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 356 |
| Crataegus sp. |
Chippewa Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Roots used for consumption. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 132 |
| Crataegus sp. |
Chippewa Food, Bread & Cake Fruits squeezed, made into little cakes, dried and stored for winter use. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321 |
| Crataegus sp. |
Chippewa Other, Tools Thorns used as awls. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377 |
| Crataegus sp. |
Coeur d'Alene Food, Bread & Cake Berries mashed, made into cakes, dried and used for food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 93 |
| Crataegus sp. |
Coeur d'Alene Food, Bread & Cake Fresh berries boiled, spread on layers of grass, juice poured on them, dried and made into cakes. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 93 |
| Crataegus sp. |
Coeur d'Alene Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 89 |
| Crataegus sp. |
Coeur d'Alene Other, Tools Wood used to make root diggers. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 91 |
| Crataegus sp. |
Comanche Food, Candy Inner bark chewed as gum. Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 521 |
| Crataegus sp. |
Comanche Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 521 |
| Crataegus sp. |
Iroquois Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of little branches without leaves and other plants taken for large stomachs. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 46 |
| Crataegus sp. |
Ojibwa Drug, Gynecological Aid Fruit and bark used to make a medicine for women only. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 384 |
| Crataegus sp. |
Ojibwa Food, Fruit Haw apples used as a food in the fall. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 409 |
| Crataegus sp. |
Ojibwa Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Bark smoked to attract deer while hunting. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 431 |
| Crataegus sp. |
Ojibwa Other, Tools Sharp thorns used for sewing awls on finer work such as buckskin sewing with sinew. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422 |
| Crataegus sp. |
Spokan Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 343 |
| Crataegus spathulata Michx. Littlehip Hawthorn USDA CRSP |
Cherokee Drug, Dietary Aid Berries eaten 'for appetite.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37 |
| Crataegus spathulata Michx. Littlehip Hawthorn USDA CRSP |
Cherokee Drug, Heart Medicine Infusion of bark taken for good circulation. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37 |
| Crataegus spathulata Michx. Littlehip Hawthorn USDA CRSP |
Cherokee Drug, Preventive Medicine Infusion of bark taken 'to prevent current spasms.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37 |
| Crataegus spathulata Michx. Littlehip Hawthorn USDA CRSP |
Cherokee Fiber, Sporting Equipment Bark tea taken or bathed in by ball players to ward off tacklers. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37 |
| Crataegus spathulata Michx. Littlehip Hawthorn USDA CRSP |
Cherokee Other, Protection Infusion of bark taken or bathed in by ball players 'to ward off tacklers.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37 |
| Crataegus submollis Sarg. Quebec Hawthorn USDA CRSU2 |
Iroquois Drug, Witchcraft Medicine Decoction and doll used to 'make a person break out like cancer.' Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 351 |
| Crataegus submollis Sarg. Quebec Hawthorn USDA CRSU2 |
Iroquois Food, Bread & Cake Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
| Crataegus submollis Sarg. Quebec Hawthorn USDA CRSU2 |
Iroquois Food, Bread & Cake Used to make bread. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 82 |
| Crataegus submollis Sarg. Quebec Hawthorn USDA CRSU2 |
Iroquois Food, Dried Food Raw or cooked fruit sun or fire dried and stored for future use. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
| Crataegus submollis Sarg. Quebec Hawthorn USDA CRSU2 |
Iroquois Food, Fruit Dried fruit taken as a hunting food. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
| Crataegus submollis Sarg. Quebec Hawthorn USDA CRSU2 |
Iroquois Food, Sauce & Relish Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
| Dalibarda repens L. Robin Runaway USDA DARE |
Iroquois Drug, Blood Medicine Complex compound decoction of powdered plants taken as a blood purifier. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 357 |
| Dalibarda repens L. Robin Runaway USDA DARE |
Iroquois Drug, Venereal Aid Complex compound decoction of powdered plants taken for venereal disease. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 357 |
| Dasiphora floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz Shrubby Cinquefoil USDA DAFL3 |
Blackfoot Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Leaves used to fill pillows. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 119 |
| Dasiphora floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz Shrubby Cinquefoil USDA DAFL3 |
Blackfoot Food, Spice Leaves mixed with dried meat as a deodorant and spice. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 104 |
| Dasiphora floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz Shrubby Cinquefoil USDA DAFL3 |
Blackfoot Other, Fuel Dry, flaky bark used as tinder when starting a fire with twirling sticks. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 39 |
| Dasiphora floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz Shrubby Cinquefoil USDA DAFL3 |
Cheyenne Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Dried, powdered leaves rubbed over hands, arms and body for Contrary dance. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 176 |
| Dasiphora floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz Shrubby Cinquefoil USDA DAFL3 |
Cheyenne Drug, Other Plant used as a medicine against an enemy. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 35 |
| Dasiphora floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz Shrubby Cinquefoil USDA DAFL3 |
Cheyenne Drug, Poison Plant considered poisonous. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 35 |
| Dasiphora floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz Shrubby Cinquefoil USDA DAFL3 |
Cheyenne Other, Protection Powdered leaves or infusion rubbed over body to protect hands from hot soup during Contrary dance. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 176 |
| Dasiphora floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz Shrubby Cinquefoil USDA DAFL3 |
Eskimo, Alaska Food, Beverage Dried leaves used to make tea. Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 715 |
| Dasiphora floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz Shrubby Cinquefoil USDA DAFL3 |
Eskimo, Arctic Food, Beverage Leaves dried and used as a substitute for tea. Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 31 |